Both methods were efficient in treatment of acute mountain sickness. One hour of compression with 193 mbar in the hyperbaric chamber, corresponding to a descent of 2250 m, led to short term improvement but had no long term beneficial effect. On the other hand, treatment with dexamethasone in an oral dose of 8 mg initially followed by 4 mg every 6 hours resulted in a longer term clinical improvement. For optimal efficacy the two methods should be combined if descent or evacuation is not possible.

Compounds released on depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner from rat brain slices were screened to identify candidates for neuroactive substances. Lyophilized superfusates were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC after derivatization with 9-fluorenyl N-succinimidyl carbonate. One of the compounds that showed an increase of concentration in superfusates in the presence of iodoacetamide was identified as the cysteine (Cys) derivative, S-carboxamidomethylcysteine, by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and other methods. This stable Cys derivative originates from endogenous, extracellular Cys. The finding led to a method for quantification of Cys in superfusates by immediate cooling of the superfusates to 0 degrees C and reaction of Cys with N-ethylmaleimide. Depolarization-induced Ca2+-dependent release of Cys was most prominent in the neocortex, followed by the mesodiencephalon, striatum, and cerebellum. This suggests that Cys is released from a neuronal compartment and might be involved in neurotransmission.

A series of test dives carried out by 14 subjects in depths between 130 and 1,000 ft. for periods varying between 5 min and 2 hr revealed that changes of the inert gas in the breathing mixture permit a considerable shortening of the decompression time. The physical and physiological basis of the method is discussed. physiological properties of He, N2, and Ar related to molecular weight and solubility; differences in diffusion rate and saturation speed of He, N2, and Ar Submitted on January 18, 1965

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Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Die Notwendigkeit und Effektivität der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei transurethralen Eingriffen wird kontrovers diskutiert. Um die Wertigkeit der Antibiotika-Prophylaxe zu ermitteln, verglichen wir zwei prospektive Studien, in deren Rahmen am eigenen Patientengut die Inzidenz postoperativ neu aufgetretener Bakteriurien nach transurethraler Resektion erfaßt worden war. Material und Methode: 549 konsekutive Resektionen erfolgten ohne Antibiotika-Prophylaxe, anschließend 219 Resektionen unter präoperativer Antibiotika-Prophylaxe mit 200 mg Ofloxacin (n = 112) oder 400 mg Fleroxacin (n = 107) in oraler Form. Ergebnisse: Durch die Prophylaxe wurde die Inzidenz neu aufgetretener Bakteriurien nach TUR-Prostata von 17,6% (n = 70) auf 5,1 % (n = 8) und nach TURBlase von 7,8% (n = 12) auf 1,6% (n = 1) vermindert. Die Inzidenz fieberhafter Harnwegsinfekte, die ausschließlich nach TUR-Prostata auftraten, war ohne und mit Prophylaxe vergleichbar (0,8% bzw. 0,9%). Es zeigte sich eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem Auftreten einer Bakteriurie und der Katheterverweildauer (p < 0,01 bzw. p < 0,001) sowie der Art der postoperativen Harnableitung (p < 0,01). Im Erregerspektrum dominierten grampositive Keime. Schlußfolgerung: Durch den Einsatz der Antibiotika-Prophylaxe konnte die Anzahl asymptomatischer Bakterien reduziert werden, während die Inzidenz fieberhafter Harnwegsinfekte nicht beeinflußt werden konnte. Wichtige Faktoren zur Verhinderung postoperativer Bakteriurien sind die frühest-mögliche Katheterentfernung sowie die Vermeidung von Katheterdiskonnektionen.Perioperative Prophylactic Use of Quinolones in Transurethral Resections: Purpose: The necessity and benefit of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral procedures is still controversial. To examine the valence of antibiotic prophylaxis we compared two prospectively controlled studies in which the incidence of newly acguired bacteriuria after transurethral resection were investigated. Materials and Methods: 549 consecutive resections were performed without antibiotic prophylaxis, then 219 resections with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis using 200 mg ofloxacin (n = 112) or 400 mg fleroxacin (n = 107) orally applied two hours before operation. Results: The incidence of bacteriuria decreased from 17.6 % (n = 70) to 5.1 % (n = 8) after TUR-Prostate and from 7.8% (n-12) to 1.6% (n = 1) after TURBladder using prophylaxis. Febrile urinary tract infections occurred only after TUR-Prostate and were similar in both groups (0.8% resp. 0.9%). Hence, antibiotic prophylaxis reduced only asymptomatic bacteriuria. The incidence of bacteriuria was significantly correlated with the dwelling time of catheters (p < 0.01 resp. p < 0.001) and the kind of postoperative bladder drainage (transurethral vs. suprapubic). The spectrum of pathogenic agents was dominated by gram-positive germs. Conclusions: The number of asymptomatic bacteriurias was reduced using antibiotic prophylaxis whereas the incidence of febrile urin...