Transparent, yellow bismuth vanadate nanoparticles were made by flame spray pyrolysis. These materials are of special interest as brilliant yellow pigments. The structural properties of the as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential measurements, and photospectroscopy. Depending on the particle collection temperature, either pale, amorphous materials or brilliant yellow-green, crystalline BiVO4 with particle size of about 50 nm were formed by direct calcination above 300 °C. The addition of Si during flame synthesis of BiVO4 resulted in smaller such crystals of about 20 nm that were embedded in silica. This prevented sintering of the BiVO4 particles during calcination at 400 °C and resulted in thermally stable, highly transparent, yellow particles.
Red automotive coatings fade over time possibly because of the insufficient photostability of Pigment Red 170. The crystal structures of the α and γ phases of this pigment were determined from X‐ray powder diagrams, even without indexing (the α phase is shown). Subsequently, the weatherfastness could be improved by crystal engineering.
Das Ausbleichen roter Autolacke beruht zum Teil auf der ungenügenden Photostabilität von Pigment Red 170. Die Kristallstrukturen der α‐ und γ‐Phase dieses Pigmentes wurden – teilweise ohne Indizierung – aus Röntgenpulverdiagrammen bestimmt (Bild: α‐Phase). Anschließend konnte die Wetterbeständigkeit durch Kristall‐Engineering verbessert werden.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Aliphatic Diazo Compounds 3. Aromatic Diazo Compounds 3.1. Diazonium Salts 3.1.1. Properties 3.1.2. Diazotization 3.1.3. Other Methods of Preparation 3.1.4. Uses 3.2. Diazotates 3.3. Diazosulfonates 3.4. Triazenes 3.5. Other Aromatic Diazo Compounds 3.6. Analysis 4. Diazo Reactions 4.1. Chemical Transformation with Retention of the Diazo Group 4.2. Reactions at the Diazo Group 4.3. Dediazotization (Replacement of the Diazo Group) 5. Environmental Protection 6. Safety 7. Toxicology
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