Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves (cross breeds Galloway x F1 Galloway x Holstein Friesian) from a cow-calf operation. Effects of sex and of life age of calf and of the age of dam On cross breeds (Galloway x F1 Galloway x Holstein Friesian; 12 calves from first pregnancy, 13 calves from second pregnancy; 10 male and 15 female) in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 57,1 % and 91,8 % in calves from first pregnancy and between 54,8 % and 90,5 % in calves from second pregnancy the means of which were not significantly different. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Greatest acute positive body weight changes of calves could be measured at 40 to 70 days of age (70 kg to 100 kg body weight). Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation within the first 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in calves from first then in those from second pregnancy.
Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves born during winter stalling from German Red and White breed and from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation On 14 calves from German Red and White breed and on 17 calves from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 60 % and 86,2 % (male 60 % and 86,2 %; female 67,6 % and 80,6 %) in DRB breed and between 69,1 % and 89,3 % (male 72,9 % and 89,3 %; female 69,1 % and 82,6 %) in DSB breed. Means of all measurements showed a significant difference of acute positive body weight change and of growth rate between breeds and sexes. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation from 1 to 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in DRB breed than in DSB breed.
Abstract. Title of the paper: Growth and development quality of dairy calves reared in groups with an automatic milk feeder. Physiological variables and their changes at specific age periods On 38 dairy calves (20 male, 18 female) measurements of growth Performance and of body temperature (RT) and blood sampling were made at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age of the calves. Blood was analysed for acid-base balance, biochemical and hematological values, minerals and hemoglobin derivatives. Effects of season (groupl: calvings from October tili December; group 2: calvings from January tili April) and of gender were considered. Growth Performance was different between the groups at all age points. Group effects existed at 15 days (RT, Hk, MetHb, Laktat, P), at 30 days (RT, P), at 60 days (Hb, O2CAP, pH, BE, HCO3, P), at 90 days (pCO2, blood urea, Mg, Fe). Gender effects became obvious at 30 days (O2CONT, O2SAT, MetHb, HHb, pCO2). Interactions of group and gender occured at 15 days (P), at 30 days (O2CONT, pCO2), at 60 days (COHb, Mg) and at 90 days (Hb, O2CAP). Between age point mean differences could be found for acid-base Status, total protein, albumin, Creatinine, blood urea, glucose, Mg and for the hematological variables. In most cases between age point changes of variables showed strong negativ correlations with the starting values at 15 days of age. Directed changes of most variables within life age periods developed with different degrees depending on development quality and on specific husbandry conditions.
Zusammenfassung An 193 Lämmern beiderlei Geschlechts und 191 Schafen verschiedener Rassen und Rassenkreuzungen wurden die Einflüsse der Rassenzugehörigkeit, des Geschlechts, des Lebensalters und des Körpergewichts auf verschiedene EKG‐Merkmale geprüft. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß die Rassenzugehörigkeit und das Geschlecht nur einen geringen Einfluß auf die erfaßten EKG‐Merkmale haben. Hinsichtlich des Lebensalters ergaben sich die gleichen Verhältnisse wie bei den anderen Tierarten und beim Menschen. Ebenso konnte die überaus deutliche Abhängigkeit der meisten EKG‐Merkmale von der Höhe der Herzfrequenz auch für das Schaf bestätigt werden. Als wichtigstes Ergebnis wird der beim Schaf auffallend niedrige Diastolen‐Systolen‐Quotient aufgefaßt, der durchweg unter 1 liegt und damit an den bekannten Konstitutionsmangel des Schweines erinnert. Bedeutsam dürfte diesbezüglich die Tendenz des Diastolen‐Systolen‐Quotienten sein, sich mit Zunahme des Körpergewichts noch weiter zu vermindern. Summary Electrocardiographic studies in sheep, with reference to breed, age and other influencing factors In 193 lambs of both sexes and 191 adult sheep of various pure breeds and crosses the influence of breed, sex, age and body weight on various features of the ECG was studied. Breed and sex had only very slight influence on ECG characteristics. Age had the same influence as in other animals and in man. In the sheep there was a clear dependence of most of the EGG characteristics on the heart rate. The most significant result in the sheep was the strikingly low diastole‐systole quotient, usually less than 1 and reminiscent of the well recognized constitutional deficiency of the pig. The diastolic‐systolic quotient is important because of its tendency to decrease further with increase in body weight. Résumé Recherches électrocardiographiques chez des moutons en considérant la race, l'âge et d'autres facteurs pouvant avoir une influence On a examiné les influences de la race, du sexe, de l'âge et du poids sur différents signes électrocardiographiques chez 193 agneaux des deux sexes et 191 moutons de races et croisements différents. On a établi que l'appertenance à une race et le sexe n'ont qu'une faible influence sur les données électrocardiographiques obtenues. L'âge a donné les mêmes relations que chez les autres espèces animales et chez l'homme. On a pu également établir chez le mouton une nette dépendance entre la plupart des signes électrocardiographiques et l'élévation de la fréquence cardiaque. Le résultat le plus important a été chez le mouton un quotient diastoles‐systoles remarquablement bas se situant en moyenne inférieur à 1 qui rappelle l'insuffisance constitutionelle du porc. Le quotiont diastoles‐systoles devrait en conséquence encore diminuer de façon significative avec une augmentation de poids. Resumen Estudios electrocardiográficos en ovejas bajo consideración de la raza, edad y otros factores influyentes En 193 corderos de ambos sexos y 191 ovejas de varias razas y mezlas de las mismas, se examinaron los influjos de ...
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