Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate how Pakistanis feel about and understand COVID-19 Methods: To conduct the cross-sectional survey, we used Google forms to digitize a questionnaire with 17 items, which we then sent to a sample of the general population. Results: There was a total of 615 questionnaires collected from residents of Sindh Province. Most people 75.1% believe that the disease is spread through direct contact with an infected person or through inhaling air droplets expelled by a sick person while they sneeze or cough. When asked how they had avoided contracting COVID-19 over the preceding 14 days, the vast majority, 39.4%, reported consistently washing and sanitizing their hands. Other steps include not shaking hands with people 33.0% and staying at least one meter away from them (24.9%), not letting people share utensils at meals 38.1%, and masking their faces even when they don't feel sick 28.8%. Additionally, 56.1% of the respondents admitted that they had not taken any special precautions to protect themselves. It is duty of every citizen to obey the government’s steps to avoid from COVID-19. Conclusion: In general, the people who took part knew a lot about the disease and felt good about taking precautions. The government and the public are taking effective steps to stop the spread of disease, but there is still a need for more awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe ways to stop the spread of disease. Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Sindh, pandemic, epidemic
Objective: To Compare and Analyze the impact of different methods of contraception on liver Profile of females of Sindh province. Study setting: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that was done at Liaquat university of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, at center 'A' of reproductive health services. Methodology: 300 participants from Hyderabad Sindh were selected. Females aged 20 to 40 years and those on an individual method of contraception were selected.300 females were selected for this study. Among them, 138 ( 46.0%) were residents of rural Sindh whereas162(54.0%) belonged tour ban Sindh. Consent from participants both verbal and written was taken. A structured questionnaire was filled out for demographic characteristics following detailed history. Blood Sampling was done for liver function test. Results: The results showed that present users of contraceptives generally had significantly greater liver parameters biliru bin, gamma GT, SGPT, and Alkaline phosphates compared to non-users ( p-value= <0.05). Bilirubin level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (0.72±0.24), Jadelle (0.54±0.26), IUCD (0.44±0.18) than the corresponding values for nonusers (0.43±0.194) [control 0.43±0.194 vs DMPA injection(0.72±0.24)vsJadelle(0.54±0.26)vsIUCD(0.44±0.18),P-value=<0.05)]. Gama GT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods Jadelle (20.36±11.97), Oral (14.00±3.2) than the corresponding values for non users (15.42±7.36)[control 15.42±7.36 Jadelle (20.36±11.97) vs Oral (14.00±3.2) Oral (14.00±3.2) P-value = <0.05)]. SGPT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (32.68±18.37), Jadelle (31.34±14.13), IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) than the corresponding values for nonusers (25.39±14.59) [control25.39±14.59 vs injection (32.68±18.37) vs Jadelle (31.34±14.13) vs IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) P-value = < 0.05)]. Alkaline Phosphatase level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (114.65±48.19),Jadelle (99.28±38.076),IUCD(101.74±42.23)Oral(78.89±21.70)TubalLigation(62.50±2.12)Condom (94.62±25.67) than the corresponding values for nonusers (131.51±59.04) [control131.51±59.04 vs DMPA injection (114.65±48.19) vs Jadelle (99.28±38.076) vs IUCD(101.74±42.23),Oral(78.89±21.70)Tuballigation (62.50±2.12)Condom(94.62±25.67)P-value= < 0.05)]. Conclusion: The impact on the liver of different contraceptive methods was compared and analyzed in the population of Sindh. Keywords: DMPA (depot- medroxy progester one acetate), Implant, Oral Pills, IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device), tuballigation.
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