The authors found no evidence of an association between high levels of metabolic factors and the risk of prostate cancer, but high BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a composite score of all metabolic factors were associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer.

Neck myoclonus is common during REM sleep and more frequent in younger individuals. This could indicate that neck myoclonus during REM sleep is a physiological phenomenon. If there is a cut-off distinguishing normal from excessive has to be investigated in further studies.

The lack of easily measurable, objective physiological activity parameters of the masseter and temporalis muscle during jaw movements in humans has led to the consideration to revise data of surface electromyographies (EMGs) by applying a computerized quantification method. The aim of this follow-up analysis was to get quantitative data out of EMG-records of an earlier study. These records were obtained with two different splints, splint 1 providing an anterior front-canine guidance and splint 2 providing bilateral balanced occlusion. Utilizing a computer aided integration method led to numeric results which statistically proves the prediction of the previous investigation. Applying the integration method, the EMG raw signal was transformed into area-values which enabled a statistical work up of the data. Wilcoxon test statistics shows a significant (P<0.05) lower muscle activity in patients wearing dentures providing anterior front-canine guidance compared to those with balanced occlusion. It is concluded that the neuromuscular activity of the elevator muscles is highly reproducible and that the neuromuscular function is similar in edentulous subjects to that found in people with natural teeth. Furthermore, the study statistically proves earlier visual data that all those subjects, whose muscle activities were observed with anterior guidance (splint 1) compared to bilateral balanced occlusion (splint 2) showed significantly lower values with regard to subjects wearing splint 2.

The purpose of this study was to identify the performance differences between two groups of Austrian dental students (one with a prior medical degree and one without a medical degree) during their dental school training and inal dental licensure examination. A speciic aim was to determine if having a medical degree is a predictive factor for dental students' scores on the Austrian Dental Admission Test (Austrian DAT), performance in the dental clinic, and scores on inal exam. The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 122 students (thirty-nine with a medical degree and eighty-three without a medical degree) who were enrolled in the Dental Clinic at Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, between 2001 and 2006. Three performance categories were considered: Austrian DAT results, clinical performance after the irst clinical year in dental school, and performance on the inal dental licensure examination. Information on students' age, gender, and previous medical degree was collected from oficial records. Analyses with student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test revealed that the students with a medical degree had signiicantly higher Austrian DAT total test scores, grade point averages after the irst clinical year, and scores on the inal exam. Additionally, those students had signiicantly better performance on the inal exam in prosthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The linear regression analysis showed that a medical degree had an independent effect on average scores on the inal exam, age, and Austrian DAT test scores, while gender showed no statistically signiicant effect. Overall, the study found that dental students with a prior medical degree had signiicantly higher Austrian DAT total test scores and performed signiicantly better in the irst clinical year and on the inal exam than those without a prior medical degree.

Background Studies of obesity with or without metabolic aberrations, commonly termed metabolically unhealthy or healthy obesity, in relation to cancer risk are scarce. Methods We investigated body mass index (BMI, normal weight/overweight/obesity) jointly and in interaction with metabolic health status in relation to obesity-related cancer risk (n = 23,630) among 797,193 European individuals. A metabolic score comprising mid-blood pressure, plasma glucose and triglycerides was used to define metabolically healthy and unhealthy status. Hazard ratios (HRs) and multiplicative interactions were assessed using Cox regression, and additive interactions were assessed using the relative excess risk for interaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Metabolically unhealthy obesity, with a baseline prevalence of 7%, was, compared to metabolically healthy normal weight, associated with an increased relative risk of any obesity-related cancer and of colon, rectal, pancreas, endometrial, liver, gallbladder, and renal cell cancer (p &lt; 0.05), with the highest risk estimates for endometrial, liver, and renal cell cancer (HRs, 2.55 to 3.00). Metabolically healthy obesity showed a higher relative risk for any obesity-related cancer and colon (in men), endometrial, renal cell, liver, and gallbladder cancer, though the risk relationships were weaker. There were no multiplicative interactions, but there were additive, positive interactions between BMI and metabolic health status on obesity-related and rectal cancer among men, and on endometrial cancer (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions This study highlights that the type of metabolic obesity phenotype is important when assessing obesity-related cancer risk. In general, metabolic aberrations further increased the obesity-induced cancer risk, suggesting that both obesity and metabolic aberrations are useful targets for prevention.

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Objective: The long-term benefits of multiple arterial revascularization (MAR) in coronary artery bypass grafting remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome, graft patency, and need for subsequent target revascularization of radial artery (RA) versus saphenous vein graft in patients undergoing MAR in both patient-and graft-specific analyses.Methods: Between 2001 and 2016, we followed 1654 patients over a median of 7.4 years in a prospective, longitudinal study. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, graft patency, and need for revascularization were assessed through clinical manifestation, coronary angiography, or coronary computed tomography and analyzed with propensity score-adjusted Cox regression, general estimating equation, and competing risk models.Results: Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting was performed in 910 patients (55.0%), and 744 patients (45.0%) received a left internal thoracic artery graft together with at least 1 RA graft. Patients receiving BITA, of whom 187 received an additional RA, showed improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.86; P ¼ .009), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.23-0.46; P<.001), and lower need for repeat revascularization (subhzhard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90; P ¼ .015). In a subgroup of 512 patients, comparing 419 RA with 487 saphenous vein grafts, RA grafting showed a lower risk for graft occlusion (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47-0.73; P<.001) and target revascularization (subhazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43-0.78; P <.001).Conclusions: MAR with BITA and RA grafting revealed to be the recommended strategy in coronary artery bypass grafting to achieve long-term beneficial results. The use of saphenous vein graft showed less favorable outcomes regarding patency and the need for target-vessel revascularization. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;158:442-50) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 3 6 9 Years after CABG Cumulative incidence (revascularization) 12 15 Radial artery Saphenous vein graftNeed for subsequent target-vessel revascularization of radial artery versus saphenous vein grafts. Central MessageThe merits of radial artery over saphenous vein grafting in CABG are clearly demonstrated in this long-term follow-up study.Perspective MAR with BITA and RA grafting revealed to be the recommended strategy in CABG to achieve long-term beneficial results. The use of SVG showed less-favorable outcomes regarding long-term patency and the need for target-vessel revascularization.