The Papaver species (common name: poppy; plant family: Papaveraceae) has been involved in a wide array of research, particularly in the interest of botany, food biotechnology and clinical chemistry. Its bright and colourful flowers receive international recognition in floriculture industry, while the seeds' function was recently reviewed as a source of linoleic acid and other functional food. However, abuse cases were also reported, due to the presence of natural opiates, such as heroine, morphine and codeine, thus contributing to the opium dependence. Here, the results from a preliminary test concerning two samples are presented. The experiment consisted of Papaver seeds from a local bakery and the herbalist. Following a series of organic extraction, three reagents including Mayer, Draggendorf and Bouchardat solutions were utilized in order to screen the phytochemical constituents. The detection method respectively gave positive results of white, orange and brown reddish precipitates, indicating the occurrence of alkaloids. The most significant precipitations were revealed from the chloroform extract of the herbal example. Earlier separation procedure utilizing hexane was withdrawn; due to the deficiency of the extractive. Chromatographic technique could be applied in order to separate the major compounds. Hopefully, this scientific investigation could provide educational information covering the topics of recreational drugs and essential pharmaceutical materials.
The turmeric or Curcuma species was macerated with organic solvents. By executing both analytical and preparative thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the crude material, the chromatographic profile of the curcuminoids could be improved. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxy-curcumin was acquired. Additional focus for discussion includes the keto–enol tautomerisation of the products. It is concluded that the understanding of this medicinal herb and its curcuminoidal content, is heightened with advanced technological aid.
Aim: Formulating topical products for skin delivery has always been a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to fulfil good formulation criteria. Despite the challenges, gel-based drug delivery offers some advantages such that it is non-invasive, painless, avoidance of the first-pass metabolism and has satisfactory patient compliance. Objectives: In this study, Chromolaena odorata gel and quercetin gel (bioactive flavonoid compound) were successfully formulated and compared with placebo and conventional wound aid gel. The chromatographic profilling was conducted to screen the presence of phytoconstituents. Subsequently, all formulated gels were subjected to physical characteristic and stability study. Methods: Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) of C.odorata methanolic leaves extract shows a distinct compound separation at retention time 8.4min to 34.8 min at 254nm. All gels were characterised by evaluating their rheological properties including storage modulus, loss modulus and plastic viscosity. Besides, texture analysis was performed to measure the gels’ firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity index. Results: From the observation, C. odorata gel demonstrated better spreadability as compared to the other gels, which acquired less work and favourable to be applied onto the skin. Moreover, C. odorata gel showed no changes in organoleptic properties and proven to be stable after 30 days of accelerated stability study at 40°C ± 2°C with relative humidity (RH) of 75%± 5%. Conclusion: C. odorata gel has shown to be stable, reflecting the combination of materials used in the formulation, which did not degrade throughout the study. This work suggests the potential of this gel as a vehicle to deliver the active ingredients of C. odorata to the skin, which can be further explored as a topical application in antimicrobial wound management or other skin diseases study.
This review deals with the literatures on Syzygium species (family: Myrtaceae). It was mentioned as a source of traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. However, due to the lacking information on Syzygium cumini, its potential benefit is still unknown among the local. This plant, commonly known as black plum, is a plant native to India. Studies from abroad showed that S. cumini is rich in anthocyanins, which could contribute to its pharmacological properties. Various extracts from different parts of S. cumini were reported for its antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, antiinflammatory and antidiarrheal activities. In this research, organic solvent extractions are performed on the local S. cumini. The methodologies also include thin layer chromatography and phytochemical screening, in identifying the phytochemicals. In summary, it is expected that alkaloids are the component of the leaves extract.
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