For many nations, a key challenge is how to achieve sustainable development without a return to centralized planning. Using case studies from Greenland, Hawaii and northern Norway, this 2006 book examines whether 'bottom-up' systems such as customary law can play a critical role in achieving viable systems for managing natural resources. Customary law consists of underlying social norms that may become the acknowledged law of the land. The key to determining whether a custom constitutes customary law is whether the public acts as if the observance of the custom is legally obligated. While the use of customary law does not always produce sustainability, the study of customary methods of resource management can produce valuable insights into methods of managing resources in a sustainable way.
CANDTNAVIAN WOMEN'S law recognized very early that in order to understand the legal position of women it is necessary to deal with the actual lives of women.1 Empirical knowledge about how women organize their lives, plus a comparison and combination of that knowledge with the make-up and function of the legal system, are necessary for an understanding of the real legal situation of women.The recognition that a closer examination of existing legal concepts and accepted legal forms is essential for a better understanding of the legal situation of women has been acknowledged by women's law, but up to now very few studies have been carried out implementing these closer examinations.This article describes an effort to combine the empirical and the theoretical approach in a study of the legal situation of women between workplace and family. The empirical data consist of interviews with women in femaledominated workplaces in the public sector. The interviews concern how women deal with and try to reconcile the competing conditions of paid work in the workplace and unpaid work outside it (mostly in the family). The interviews were analysed in order to find out whether normative patterns of behaviour were developed and norms were generated as an answer to these conflicts in the investigated workplaces. The analysis draws upon insights from women's law and labour law.'
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