Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore offenders’ experiences of community reintegration facilitated by a supported housing scheme. Design/methodology/approach Data were derived from five semi-structured interviews with prolific offenders who were participating in a UK “north west housing association” scheme; a community reintegration programme for offenders released from prison. Findings Thematic analysis demonstrated four predominant themes, these were: “the decision to change”, “self-fulfilment”, “a place to call home” and “a suitable support system”. The themes are discussed in relation to the Good Lives Model. Practical implications Participation in the housing scheme was a key component of the reintegration process, which positively facilitated lifestyle change. Originality/value This research considers the often “unheard” perspectives of prolific offenders and highlights the significant role of community housing schemes in supporting successful community reintegration.
Background Early COVID-19 research suggests a detrimental impact of the initial lockdown on young people's mental health. Aims We investigated mental health among university students and young adults after the first UK lockdown and changes in symptoms over 6 months. Method In total, 895 university students and 547 young adults not in higher education completed an online survey at T1 (July–September 2020). A subset of 201 university students also completed a 6 month follow-up survey at T2 (January–March 2021). Anxiety, depression, insomnia, substance misuse and suicide risk were assessed. Results At T1, approximately 40%, 25% and 33% of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety and depression and substance misuse risk, clinically significant insomnia and suicidal risk. In participants reassessed at T2, reductions were observed in anxiety and depression but not in insomnia, substance misuse or suicidality. Student and non-student participants reported similar levels of mental health symptoms. Student status was not a significant marker of mental health symptoms, except for lower substance misuse risk. Cross-sectionally, greater symptoms across measures were consistently associated with younger age, pre-existing mental health conditions, being a carer, worse financial status, increased sleep irregularity and difficulty since lockdown. Longitudinally, T2 symptoms were consistently associated with worse financial status and increased difficulty sleeping at T1. However, these associations were attenuated when baseline mental health symptoms were adjusted for in the models. Conclusions Mental health symptoms were prevalent in a large proportion of young people after the first UK lockdown. Risk factors identified may help characterise high-risk groups for enhanced support and inform interventions.
Placental and fetal development are influenced by paternal genes. Doppler ultrasonography was performed on pregnant ewes to examine the effect of sire on fetal and placental blood flow parameters. Twenty Suffolk ewes were randomly assigned to either a Suffolk ram or a Texel ram. Only ewes carrying twins were used for the study. Ultrasound exams were performed at 60, 90, and 120 (± 3) days post-breeding. Umbilical artery and fetal aorta blood-flow velocities, and aorta vessel diameter were measured. Blood flow velocities were used to calculate the resistance index (RI), which was used for statistical analysis (Glimmix, SAS). Gestational age and weight at birth were recorded. There were 5 Suffolk x Suffolk (SxS) and 6 Suffolk x Texel (SxT) ewes carrying twins to term. For umbilical artery RI, there was no significant (P < 0.05) effect of breed; there was significant effect of time (0.89 ± 0.03a; 0.63 ± 0.03b; 0.59 ± 0.03b LSM ± SE for days 60, 90, and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. For aorta RI, there was no significant effect of breed; there was significant effect of time (0.73 ± 0.03a; 0.67 ± 0.03ab; 0.63 ± 0.03b for days 60, 90, and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. For aorta diameter, the effect of breed approached significance (P = 0.054), SxS had a larger average diameter (0.50 ± 0.02 cm) than SxT (0.45 ± 0.01 cm); there was significant effect of time (0.24 ± 0.03a; 0.46 ± 0.02b; 0.72 ± 0.02c cm for days 60; 90; and 120 respectively); and there was no interaction. There were no significant differences between sires for weight or gestational age at birth. The results correspond with the changes in fetal and placental vascular resistance over time; however, further research is needed to expand our knowledge on the effect of sire.
BackgroundEarly COVID-19 research suggests a detrimental impact of the initial lockdown on youngpeople’s mental health, but it is unclear whether the impact would persist.AimsWe investigated mental health symptoms amongst university students after the firstlockdown in the UK and changes in symptoms over 6 months. We examined risk factors forthese symptoms and whether they were shared by young people not in higher education.Method895 university students and 547 young people not in higher education completed an onlinesurvey at T1 (July-September 2020). A subset of 203 university students also completeda 6-month follow-up survey at T2 (January-March 2021). Mental health symptomsmeasured were anxiety, depression, insomnia, substance misuse, and suicide risk.ResultsAt T1, nearly 40% of the participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety anddepression and risk of substance misuse; a quarter reported insomnia and clinicallysignificant suicidal risk. A reduction in anxiety, depression and insomnia was observed inparticipants reassessed at T2, but not in substance misuse and suicidality.Cross-sectionally, greater symptoms across measures were consistently associated withgender (female or other), sleep irregularity, and a worse-off financial status. Longitudinally,the most consistent risk factors for T2 symptoms were having previously diagnosed mentalhealth problems and having difficulty sleeping since the first lockdown.ConclusionsMental health symptoms were prevalent in a large proportion of young people after the firstlockdown. Risk factors identified may help characterise high-risk groups for enhancedsupport and inform interventions in both university and non-university settings.
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