We would like to thank Nikki Jahnke, Managing Editor of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group for her support. We would also like to thank Dr Claire Shovlin for providing an in-depth peer review.
While no randomised controlled trials of this treatment are included in this review, a number of observational studies have suggested embolisation therapy has benefits. However, randomised controlled trials are not always feasible on ethical grounds. In the absence of randomised controlled trials, a standardised approach to reporting, as well as long-term follow-up through registry studies can help to improve the safety and outcome of embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Quality of the evidence We have not been able to present any evidence from randomised controlled trials in this version of the review.
Life-sustaining treatment is any treatment that serves to prolong life without reversing the underlying medical condition. It includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis, left ventricular assist devices, antibiotics, and artificial nutrition and hydration. The appropriate use of life-sustaining treatment in seriously ill patients is a controversial topic that continues to generate intense debate among the public, as well as healthcare professionals, bioethicists, lawyers, governments, and religious institutions. This chapter offers a practical guide and sets out important questions clinicians ought to consider before making the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment.
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