During investigative interviews, police practice can influence key aspects of child credibility, namely the accuracy, competency, reliability, and truthfulness of their testimony. To date, police interviewers' perceptions of how best to assess child credibility at interview, and how practice impacts upon credibility, have been overlooked. We conducted a qualitative study that examined data from focus groups with 16 English police officers who regularly interview children. The focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, and four main themes were identifiedthe 4Es: eliciting information, evaluating credibility, empowering the interviewee, and a high-quality end product. Within these themes, police officers acknowledged some responsibility for the perceived credibility of child victims. Poor interviewing practice could decrease the accuracy of the information elicited and cross-examined in court. Registered intermediaries could empower child interviewees and increase their competency. A lack of reliability contributed to evaluating credibility, but this relationship was not straightforward. Finally, obtaining the most truthful account from child victims was not always possible, because there are many barriers to overcome. Our findings suggest the need for a continued focus on interview protocols that facilitate disclosure from child victims and a review of the professional relationship between those who interview children and prosecutors.
Objectives To explore how reasons to lie impact upon the decision component of Activation‐Decision‐Construction‐Action Theory. Design Specifically, the study looked at how beneficiary of the lie (self vs. another) and additional cost of lying (no cost vs. cost to self/other) might influence decisions to lie. Methods Ninety‐one undergraduate students read four hypothetical scenarios representing the four reasons to lie. They stated whether they would decide to tell the truth/lie for each scenario and also estimated the probability and valence of being believed, or not, if they did decide to tell the truth/lie. These estimations were inputted into the ADCAT formulae. Results Higher expected values of truth‐telling only reduced likelihood to decide to lie when the lie benefitted another. Beneficiary of the lie and additional cost together did not moderate any of the relationships between the ADCAT variables and hypothetical decisions to lie. However, the additional cost (e.g., to self or another) was a significant predictor of anticipated lying behaviour. The more likely there was a cost to self or other, the less likely the participants were to decide to lie. Conclusions Weighing up the expected cost and benefits of truth‐telling and lying was associated with hypothetical decisions to lie or not. However, other variables, such as additional cost to self or another, should be considered in the ADCAT model to extend our understanding of this decision‐making process. Future research is required to investigate whether these relationships can be manipulated to promote honesty and deter deceit.
Background In diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) drug resistance is in part due to inadequate penetration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) by systemically administered drugs. Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) techniques have been established to bypass BBB. Trial design to measure efficacy requires evidence to justify power calculation. Aims To apply SIOPe DIPG registry survival prediction tool to pilot cohort of children with DIPG treated with CED of carboplatin and sodium valproate. Methods Case note and imaging review of 9 children with typical DIPG on imaging who were treated on compassionate basis with CED intra-tumoural infusions of carboplatin (0.12 mg/ml) and sodium valproate (14.4 mg/ml), after radiotherapy (n=9) and chemotherapy (n=4). Each had Renishaw device placed with 4 micro-catheters located within tumour mass. Up to 8 treatment cycles of CED infusions delivered through 2 pairs of catheters on 2 days to encompass pontine tumour volume. Survival prediction was performed using clinical criteria: age, sex, duration of symptoms, prior chemotherapy; and radiological criteria: absence of distant metastases; disease involving more than 50% of, and confined to, pons, ring enhancement at diagnosis. Results Cases were categorized as intermediate or high-risk using SIOPe risk scoring with predicted median overall survival (OS) of 9.7, and 7.0 months, respectively. Four patients, categorized as high-risk, had median overall survival (OS) of 14.2 months. Five children, categorized as standard-risk, had median OS of 16.0 months. Conclusions Results justify a phase 2 trial of CED carboplatin and sodium valproate powered to detect at least 4-month prolongation of survival.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.