We reported recently that neonatal supplementation with 52 micromol vitamin A reduced infant mortality by 64%; acute side effects were limited to a 3% excess rate of a bulging fontanelle. The current study was conducted to identify developmental changes at 3 y of age associated with neonatal vitamin A supplementation or a bulging fontanelle. Children who had a bulging fontanelle (n = 91) and 432 children who had normal fontanelles after receiving vitamin A or placebo were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Mean scores for the mental, psychomotor, and behavioral rating scale (BRS) plus 3 subscales of the BRS were not significantly different for treatment-fontanelle-specific groups. In regression models predicting each score, a bulging fontanelle had a small negative effect in all models; when 1 child who was injured from birth was removed from the analysis the effect of a bulging fontanelle was not significant in any model (P > or = 0.35). Vitamin A supplementation had a small beneficial effect on all developmental scores, which was significant for one of the BRS subscales (orientation-engagement) and also for a second (motor quality) when the outlier child was removed. Compared with children with normal fontanelles in the placebo group, children with a bulging fontanelle in the vitamin A group tended to grow less (-0.5 cm, P = 0.33), whereas those with normal fontanelles in the vitamin A group grew significantly more (0.68 cm, P < 0.05), over the first 3 y of life. This study provides no evidence that neonatal vitamin A supplementation is associated with biologically significant adverse growth or developmental sequelae.
Beliefs and goals in parenting are influenced by the expectations of society or local culture. Therefore, the measurement of parenting should be developed from a contextual perspective. The development of the measurement conducted inductively which started with the phase of indigenous concept exploration. The participants are parents living in a particular area, having a local ethnic identity, using local language and customs in their daily lives. The method of data collection is an interview or focus group discussion (FGD), with questions that refer to the parenting element according to Darling & Steinberg. Two alternative data analysis can be done; to obtain the construct at the level of parenting practice or construct at the level of parenting style. The construct then is developed into an instrument by following the scale development guidelines in which includes item writing, content validation, scale administration, and psychometric evaluation.
Konsep pengasuhan tidak dapat lepas dari konteks budaya setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran pengasuhan untuk populasi keluarga Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain exploratory sequential mix method. Diawali dengan tahap eksplorasi konstruk pengasuhan dan dilanjutkan dengan tahap pengujian model pengukuran. Tahap eksplorasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) dengan melibatkan 50 ibu dan wawancara terhadap 19 orang tua bersuku Jawa yang tinggal di Yogyakarta. Tahap eksplorasi konstruk menghasilkan konsep pengasuhan yang dilandasi tujuh nilai budaya Jawa, yaitu nilai hormat, rukun, kendali perilaku, nrimo (sikap menerima), disiplin, jujur dan tresno (cinta). Konstruk kemudian digeneralisasikan ke dalam butir-butir pernyataan yang dapat dipahami oleh anak-anak. Tahap pengujian model pengukuran melibatkan siswa kelas 5 SD sebanyak 334 anak untuk uji coba pertama dan 175 anak untuk uji coba kedua. Hasil pengujian model pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa konstruk pengasuhan berbasis nilai Jawa dapat dinyatakan valid (dengan RMESA=0,063 dan SRMR=0,068) dan reliabel (Cronbach's alpha = 0,925). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan relevansi nilai-nilai budaya setempat dalam pengembangan pengukuran pengasuhan.
Regarding the phenomenon of teacher’s professionalism in Yogyakarta that is considered to be low, this study aims to explore the perceptions of teacher related to that matter. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data were collected through open-questionnaires and interviews. The subject in this study consists of 74 teachers in Yogyakarta that includes public elementary school teachers, junior high school teachers and high school teachers. It is found that, based on teacher perceptions: (1) Professionalism includes expertise, social ability, self-integrity and productive behavior. (2) Teacher understands the term professional teacher better than teacher professionalism.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.