The main goal of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of whole-body magnetic field (MF) exposure on the steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cells in vitro. In four separate experiments, male CFLP mice were exposed to sinusoidal 50-Hz, 100-μT MF. The duration of exposure was 23.5 h/day over a period of 14 days. At the end of the exposure, interstitial (Leydig) cells were isolated from the testicles of the sham-exposed and exposed animals. The cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of 1, 10, or 100 mIU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The luteinizing hormone (LH) analog hCG was used to check the testosterone (T) response of the sham-exposed controls and to evaluate the possible effect of the whole-body MF exposure on the steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cells in vitro. Testosterone content of the culture media and blood sera was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the cultures obtained from MF-exposed animals, the hCG-stimulated T response was significanly higher (p < 0.01) compared with the sham-exposed controls, while the basal T production of cells and the level of serum T remained unaltered. No MF exposure—related histopathological alterations were found in testicles, epididymes, adrenals, prostates, and pituitary glands. The MF exposure did not affect the animal growth rate and the observed hematologic and serum chemical variables. Our results indicate a presumably direct effect of whole-body MF exposure on the hCG-stimulated steroidogenic response of mouse Leydig cells.

The aim of this study was to reveal whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) influence the repair of radiation-damaged DNA on leukocytes or has any effect on DNA. After 4 Gy of (60)Co-gamma irradiation, some of the samples were exposed to inhomogeneous SMFs with a lateral magnetic flux density gradient of 47.7, 1.2, or 0.3 T/m by 10 mm lateral periodicity, while other samples were exposed to homogeneous SMF of 159.2 +/- 13.4 mT magnetic flux density for a time period of 0.5 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 18, 20, or 24 h. Another set of samples was exposed to the aforementioned SMFs before gamma irradiation. The following three groups were examined: (i) exposed to SMF only, (ii) exposed to SMF following irradiation by (60)Co-gamma, and (iii) exposed to SMF before (60)Co-gamma irradiation. The analysis of the DNA damage was made by single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). Statistically significant differences were found at 1 h (iSMF), 4 h (hSMF), and 18 h (hSMF) if samples were exposed to only SMF, compared to control. When the SMF exposure followed the (60)Co-gamma irradiation, statistically significant differences were found at 1 h (iSMF) and 4 h (hSMF). If exposure to SMF preceded (60)Co-gamma irradiation, no statistically significant difference was found compared to 4 Gy gamma-irradiated group.

In this study, the effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency radiation upon the urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6SM) excretion of adult male Wistar rats was studied. Seventy-two rats were used in six independent experiments, three of which were done with 900 MHz and the other three with 1800 MHz. The exposures were performed in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic mode (GTEM) cell. The power densities of radiation were 100 and 20 microW/cm(2) at 900 and 1800 MHz frequency, respectively. The carrier frequency was modulated with 218 Hz, as in the GSM signal. The animals were exposed for 2 h between 8:00 AM and noon daily during the 14 day exposure period. The urine of rats was collected from 12:00 AM to 8:00 AM, collecting from exposed and control animal groups on alternate days. The urinary 6SM concentration was measured by (125)I radioimmunoassay and was referred to creatinine. The combined results of three experiments done with the same frequency were statistically analyzed. Statistically significant changes in the 6SM excretion of exposed rats (n = 18) compared to control group (n = 18) were not found either at 900 or 1800 MHz.

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Investigations have been carried out concerning the effects of microwave (MW) exposure on the aminoacyl‐transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase of the progeny of females that were exposed during their entire period of gestation (19 days). The changes caused by continuous‐wave (CW) and amplitude‐modulated (AM) MW radiation have been compared. CFLP mice were exposed to MW radiation for 100 min each day in an anechoic room. The MW frequency was 2.45 GHz, and the amplitude modulation had a 50 Hz rectangular waveform (on/off ratio, 50/50%). The average power density exposure was 3 mW/cm2, and the whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) was 4.23 ± 0.63 W/kg. The weight and mortality of the progeny were followed until postnatal day 24. Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase enzymes and tRNA from the brains and livers of the offspring (461 exposed, 487 control) were isolated. The aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase activities were determined. The postnatal increase of body weight and organ weight was not influenced by the prenatal MW radiation. The activity of enzyme isolated from the brain showed a significant decrease after CW MW exposure, but the changes were not significant after 50 Hz AM MW exposure. The activity of the enzyme isolated from liver increased under CW and 50 Hz modulated MW. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Background: Moringa leaves are vegetables rich in nutrients, but rarely used by the community as a vegetable, because the aroma is sharp and bitter taste. Making Moringa leaf syrup can reduce the aroma sharp and bitter taste. Addition of sugar can affect the color, taste, aroma and viscosity of Moringa leaf syrup. Method: This study to measure organoleptic quality of Moringa leaf syrup using scoring method. Result: The result showed that the best color indicator was A0 treatment (70%), while the best taste, aroma and viscosity indicator was A3 (85%). Conclusion: There is influence of addition of sugar to organoleptic quality (color, flavor, aroma, viscosity) from Moringa leaf syrup. For color indicator with best criterion is treatment A0 (70%), while indicator of flavor, aroma and viscosity with best criterion is treatment of A3 (85%).

Background: Moringa leaves are rich in nutrients and are a source of antioxidants, but are underutilizedby the community as a food because of its 'langu' smell. In an effort to increase the benefits to extendthe shelf life of products and also attract people to consume the leaves of Moringa leaves leaf can beprocessed into flour, then made ice cream with the addition of peanut essence to see the fat content.Method: This study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The data were analyzed using OneWay Anova inferential statistics.Result: There is influence of addition of variation of peanut extract (Arachis hypogea) to fat content inice cream Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) that is control 4,457%, addition of 50 ml peanut essenceas much as 5,207%, addition of 75 ml peanut sauce 5,956% , and the addition of groundnut peanuts100 ml fat content of 5.993%.Conclusion: There is an effect of addition of peanut pollen (Arachis hypogea) variation on fat contentin ice cream Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera).