In this study, the amount of photocatalytic degradation of perchloroethylene in the gas phase was investigated by a fixed bed continuous-flow tubular photoreactor. The photoreactor consists of a cylindrical glass tube, was filled with glass beads coated with nanoparticles of TiO2, TiO2 doped carbon (TiO2-C). These nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and deposited on glass beads using the sol-gel dip technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were used for the characterization of synthesized materials. The effect of different parameters such as relative humidity, residence time, PCE concentration on the photocatalytic degradation process was investigated by ultraviolet irradiation to achieve the highest possible degradation efficiency. The PCE degradation and byproduct species were monitored and identified with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer device (GC-MS). Under the optimum experimental conditions, the photocatalytic activities of TiO2, TiO2-C were investigated and compared together. The results showed that photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for degradation of PCE was extremely increased when doped with carbon. For TiO2-C catalyst, under UV irradiation (3000 ppm initial PCE concentration, 30% humidity and 1 min residence time) approximately 96% of the initial PCE was degraded.
Background: Coriander Triphala is one of the famous drugs in traditional medicine which is consisted of Terminalia chebula, T. bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, Coriandrum sativum, almond oil and honey. Traditional dosage forms should be converted to modern forms for better acceptance and suitable characteristics and stability. Objective: In the present investigation, the traditional form of Coriander Triphala was converted to film coated tablet and quality control of the tablet was performed. Methods: The fruits of T. chebula, T. bellirica, Ph. emblica, C. sativum in equal proportions along with almond oil and honey in different proportions were used for tablet formulation with other excipients. Sixteen formulations were made and after pre-formulation studies, twelve of them were selected for making tablet. Prepared tablets went through primary quality control tests such as weight variation, friability, hardness and disintegration time. Finally, the best formulation was coated by green colored water soluble material and its physicochemical characteristics were determined. Results: Among different formulations, the tablet consisted of 98 mg of each species, 14 mg almond oil, 148 mg honey along with lactose, Avicel PH-102, croscarmellose sodium, PVP K30, magnesium stearate and silicone dioxide was the best one. Weight variation, hardness, disintegration time, total tannins content as pyrogallol were found 1225 mg ± 5 %, 20 kp, 25 min and 64.19 mg/tablet, respectively. Over 90 % of tannins were released after 60 min during dissolution test. Conclusion: The formulated tablet with suitable characteristics is a good substitution for traditional form and could be produced in industrial scale after complementary clinical trial studies.
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as perchloroethylene (PCE), are widely used as industrial solvents in the dry cleaning, degreasing of metals, and plastics industries. In this study, the photocatalytic removal of perchloroethylene was investigated by a filled glass-bead reactor. Also, the effect of relative humidity, residence time, concentration and ultraviolet light on the photocatalytic removal process was investigated. The photocatalytic effect of ultraviolet light and photocatalyst TiO2 was compared, with reaction conditions, 1 min, 3000 ppm concentration and relative humidity of 30%, and the photocatalyst TiO2 had a higher removal capacity than ultraviolet light.
The most common functional gastrointestinal problem in the world is functional constipation. "Ayarij-e-Faiqra (AF)" is a polyherbal formula that has been recommended by Persian Medicine as an efficent purgative agent . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AF on functional constipation using a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. According to the Rome III classification, 79 adults with functional constipation were included in this trial. The diagnostic criteria were according to the Rome III classification. Patients with constipation symptoms who referred to the traditional medicine clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from April 2014 to September 2016 were randomly allocated to the AF and placebo groups. The AF and placebo groups received AF and placebo for three months, respectively and followed up for another three months. During the study, the treatment efficacy was assessed by a questionnaire. AF treatment significantly decreased most of the symptoms by 84% at the end of the first month (p < 0.05) and by 90% at the end of the third month in comparison to placbo group (p < 0.001). However, three months after the end of the intervention, the frequency of constipation symptoms in both groups was not statistically significant. Based on the satisfaction questionnaire, the treatment satisfaction score during the intervention was increased to 9 in the AF group, but no significant difference was found between the two groups three months after the intervention (p > 0.005). Although AF could be beneficial for treating functional constipation without significant side effects, changing patients’ lifestyles has great importance in this process.
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