This study examined the use of two rhetorical strategies - nominal-numerical types of supporting data and lengthy complex types of sentences due to their rhetorical appeal to Aristotelian logos in the writing of research abstracts. A total of 480 research abstracts sampled from English as a Native (ENL) and English as a Second Language (ESL) were analysed with LIWC2015 software application and Readable.com online applications. Guided by the Connor’s (1996)5 Contrastive Theory of Rhetoric with the integration of relevant conceptual models of the LIWC Model of Psycholinguistic Domains (Pennebaker et al., 2015)3, Aristotelian Rhetoric (Aristotle & Kennedy, 1991)2 and Compositionality (Bulté & Housen, 2018)14, it was found that both rhetorical strategies were used frequently in both types of ENL and ESL research abstracts to reflect the appeal to logical mind of the writers. Contrastive analyses revealed that ESL demonstrate more frequencies of lexical and sentential units than the ENL research abstracts. However, ENL research abstracts were found to have more frequencies of nominal-numerical types of supporting details and lengthy complex sentences than the ESL research abstracts which may most likely point towards their lack of near-nativeness rhetoric in these two rhetorical strategies. In terms of the linguistic item which demonstrates the ESL near-nativeness rhetoric is the use of coordination as the rhetorical strategy as both groups of ENL and ESL research abstracts did not show any significant differences. This shows that ESL writers can still strive towards the rhetorical level of nativeness in the choice of their linguistic strategies in the writing of research articles. Future research recommendations are also shown at the end of the research.
In the latest development of Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, the system performance can be distracted by the frequency offsets (FOs) which can demolish the orthogonality of the subcarriers, increases the inter-carrier interference (ICI) and intensely deteriorate the system performance. As a result, Intercarrier Interference Self-Cancellation (ICI-SC) has been applied in numerous OFDM systems as a simple and impressive approach to overcome ICI. ICI not only diminish yet maximum frequency diversity can also be achieved by manipulating the Space Time Frequency Block Codes (STFBCs) that use spatial, time and frequency diversities which is implemented in the OFDM system. Hence, the objective of this paper is to evaluate Pair-Wise Error Probability (PEP) performance using STFBC MIMO-OFDM ICI-SC technique with a novel quarter subcarrier mapping (new) data conversion method to diminish ICI due to FO. The simulation results expressively show that the quarter method subcarrier mapping technique can provide the best system performance compared to the symmetric and adjacent methods. Hence, by using this suggested technique, maximum diversity order with an efficient bandwidth can be achieved and ICI can be reduced.
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is broadly used in wireless communication system such as Mobile WiMAX and LTE. It is simply because of efficient usage of bandwidth, simple receiver and multiuser diversity. However, its major drawback is vulnerability to frequency offset (FO) which can wipe out the orthogonality of the subcarriers. This will lead to inter-carrier interference (ICI) that will deteriorate the system performance. In order to solve this issue, one-third subcarrier mapping scheme techniques with ICI self-cancellation (ICI-SC) method using data allocation in space-time-frequency block codes (STFBC) in MIMO-OFDMA system is proposed. The proposed technique is evaluated through Pairwise Error Probability (PEP) and Bit Error Rate (BER) performances. From the simulation results, one-third ICI-SC subcarrier mapping scheme with STFBC shows the best result for the MIMO-OFDMA system.
In vehicular communication systems, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is said to provide fast communication and high security between vehicles. Simultaneously, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is used due to its high bandwidth, low latency, and high spectrum efficiency. The DSRC and LTE hybrid model has gained much attention as it is feasible and simpler in design and deployment. In fact, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been widely used in modern wireless communication systems to enhance data throughput, reliability, and coverage. This paper proposes a MIMO LTE-DSRC hybrid system using space-time frequency block codes (STFBC). This paper focuses on the physical layer performance of the LTE-DSRC hybrid uplink structure. The DSRC Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter and LTE Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SCFDM) receiver are used for the uplink transmission. A study on bit error rate (BER), pairwise error probability (PEP), and channel-tointerference ratio (CIR) of the 2x2 MIMO LTE-DSRC system is conducted. The numerical results show that this proposed method improves the error rate performance with a gradual increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the baseline systems.
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