BackgroundEvaluation of dental treatment is performed by observing dental periapical radiography to obtain information of filling’s condition, pulp tissue, remain dentin thickness, periodontal ligament, and lamina dura. Nevertheless, the radiographic image used often has low quality due to the level of x-ray radiation made low purposely in order to prevent health problem and limited tools capability. This low quality of the radiographic image, for examples, low image contrast, less brightness, and noise existence cause periapical radiography evaluation hard to be performed. This study aims to improve dental radiographic image quality for assisting pulp capping treatment evaluation.Material and MethodsThe research methodology consists of three main stages, i.e. data collection, image enhancement method production, and result validation. Radiographic image data collection in The Dental Hospital UMY. Image enhancement method has been conducted by comparing several methods: contourlet transform (CT), wavelet transform, contrast stretching (CS), and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) to reduce noise, to optimize image contrast, and to enhance image brightness.ResultsThe result of this study is according to mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) statistics evaluation, it obtains that the highest scores of MSE and PSNR in row gained from CT method totaled 5.441453 and 40.53652, followed by CLAHE method with the scores are 10.66326 and 38.00736, CS method whose scores are 12.39881 and 39.18518, and the last is wavelet method with the scores are 15.41569 and 36.25343.ConclusionsNonetheless, MSE and PSNR scores are not enough merely to give a recommendation of any suitable methods for improving contrast, therefore, it needs another success parameter coming from the dentist. Key words:Dental radiography, image enhancement, digital image processing.
In general, medical equipment at the Hospital to monitor body temperature such as a thermometer is less effective for nurses and doctors because it takes time to come to the patient’s room to retrieve body temperature data. Then, when the patient’s condition suddenly worsens, it still takes time for the treatment process. Therefore, the authors intend to make a tool that can help nurses monitor the patient’s body temperature through an Android smartphone in real time and equipped with telemedicine that can send notifications in the form of SMS when the patient’s body temperature is outside the normal limit. The working principle of this tool is that the body temperature data received by the DS18B20 sensor that will be processed by the Atmega328 microcontroller, then displayed on the OLED LCD and sent to an Android smartphone via Bluetooth HC-05. If body temperature data is outside the normal range, the Android application will send an SMS to another recipient’s smartphone. Based on the results of the tool testing, the highest data error results is 0.829% and the lowest is 0%. For the process of sending data using Bluetooth HC-05 by taking measurements every 1 meter, the maximum distance obtained is 13 meters with a hitch. In the application of telemedicine in the form of automatic SMS sending successfully sends body temperature to other recipient’s cellphone.
ABSTRAKKanker payudara merupakan pembunuh nomor satu pada wanita di seluruh dunia. Sejauh ini, deteksi dari kanker payudara hanya menggunakan mata telanjang dan berdasarkan jam terbang (pengalaman) dari dokter dan radiologis. Terdapat beberapa kelemahan dalam menganalisis mammogram payudara guna mendeteksi keberadaan kanker payudara. Hal ini bisa diakibatkan oleh sel kanker yang tertutup oleh noise, kontras citra yang rendah dan faktor manusiawi lainnya seperti : kelelahan, mood, dan lainnya. Untuk meminimalisir hal tersebut dibutuhkan suatu metode yang dapat membantu dokter dalam menganalisis citra mammogram payudara. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan suatu proses yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas mammogram agar lebih memudahkan dokter dalam mendiagnosis kelainan pada payudara. Citra yang diolah merupakan citra mammogram yang tidak dipangkas dan tidak disegmentasi pada bagian Region of Interest (ROI), melainkan keseluruhan citra payudara setelah dihilangkan background yang berlebihan. Tahapan pada proses peningkatan kuliatas citra mammogram ini (pra pengolahan) terdiri dari : menghilangkan label atau artifak yang ditemukan pada mammogram, meng-crop citra pada bagian payudara saja (menghilangkan background), memperbaiki kontras citra dengan membandingkan beberapa metode yaitu: CLAHE, Non Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT), Contras Stretching (CS) dan selanjutnya dilakukan smoothing dengan menggunakan filter median. Kinerja dari setiap metode dihitung dengan mencari nilai Mean Square Error (MSE) dan Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) citra. Dari nilai MSE dan PSNR yang didapatkan, ditemukan nilai MSE dan PSNR terbaik pada metode NSCT dengan nilai 50.20878 db 31.75332 db. Kata kunci: CLAHE, NSCT, CS, median filter. ABSTRACT
This research aimed to design the KvP meter for checking the error of output voltage from X-Ray machine with the range of 50-70 KvP. It used Arduino Gelatino microcontroller programmed with Arduino IDE software as data processor of detector result. The detector was designed based on the physics principle using material attenuation coefficient namely aluminum whose good effect in reducing the energy level of X-ray photons. Thus, the photodiode sensor only read the effective energy of the X-ray energy. Based on the radiation intensity ratio through the aluminum filter with 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm thickness, it is better to measure X-ray tube voltage non-invasively The KvP Meter was tested by setting duration of X-ray exposure that was 0.3 second, tube current was 10 mA, and KvP Meter distance from collimator was 90 cm. A prototype unit was made, and the performance was tested in terms of error and precision. After testing and analyzing the data, the error result was less than 5.1% with the highest measurement precision of ± 1.50. It is generally concluded that this equipment can be used to measure the voltage of the X-ray tube.
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