Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the packaging design on consumers’ perception of the food quality, safety, healthiness and preference to buy. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of 547 Lebanese adults with a median age of 30 years old and 54% being females, between November and December 2016, using an interviewer-based questionnaire. Findings As identified by the participants, packaging should “protect the food” (54.9%) and be safe (52%). Most participants especially those who reported that protecting the food is the most important packaging functionality tended to select the vacuum package [OR (95% CI) = 2.19 (1.32; 3.66); p = 0.002] for having the highest quality, being the healthiest and the more frequently bought (24.3, 30.2 and 29.1% respectively). Regarding the juice, most of the participants thought that the glass bottles have the highest quality, were the safest, the healthiest and the most frequently bought (64.9, 37.4, 68.4 and 52.9%, respectively). Those who reported that safety is the most important characteristic for food packaging, have selected transparent as the most attractive color to use [OR (95% CI) = 2.10 (1.25; 3.55); p-value = 0.005]. Among the consumers, 87% considered that nutrition and health claims were among the most important informative cues. Around 73.1% (n = 399) were willing to pay more for a better packaging with 59.4% willing to pay 3% more. Originality/value This market research identifies the packaging characteristics and features which have positive effects on consumer attitudes. Therefore, it will help manufacturers track consumers’ trends and interests, and accordingly impact their business decisions in responding adequately in their package design. The social behavior will increase the product sale and its market success leading to direct economic implications.
This thesis wiil fbcus on the Western analysis and criticism of contemporary Japanese architectu τ e . Many Westem critics and architectural researchers have been trying to discover 山 e hidden Japanese concepts of space . It is interesting fbr us , in this thesis , to analyze the apProach made to understand a culture (Japanese) from a diffbrent (Westem) perspective and state ofmind . In order to do this , a general view of the evolution of contemporary Japmese architecture, as conditions affecting Western critics , wilI be made . The 耳 we wm be able to analyze these critics and their own evol 面 on . Most of the a且 icles treated with the contemporary Japanese architectUre at the time of their publication . Although some of them treated traditional architecture , a comparison was made to fbcus on the contemporary one . Therefbre , as we read about traditiona 且Japanese architecture , it is in the intent of putting the contemporary architecture in perspective . In this paper, by Japanese architecture we mean ' contemporary , Japanese architectUre . L2 − De 且 " o arc ite criticism Using both the senses and the intellec ち the critic analyzes and evalu 飢 es 山 e built enviro ent d i誌 e 飩 ct on 耐 nhabitants and users . Criticism is different from commentary . It is willing to judge and to condemn . in a smal1 comparative stUdy , we can make the two observations : 1. The dominant trend in general interest over the last few years has not been towards criticism . Instead , it is oriented towards profiles and biographies , where criticism may be an UnCOm 負)rtable intUSiOn . . 2. Over the last few years theoretical criticism , as distinguished 丘om practical or applied criticism , has been growing 、 . in academic fields , These observadons help us to define the state of criticism and commentaries on Japanese architecture written by Westem c 面 cs . L3 −PrOcedure I. We have chosen three of the main architectural magazines 血 at are involved in architectural criticism , and reviewed the articles conceming Japanese architecture . The choice was made taking into consideration : a − The geographica1 and cultUral differences in the West itself (Europe and the United States) . Standards , points of interest and approaches could be different between America and Europe. h general , American critics stress on omament and image , whethcr European critics stress on urbanism and participation . Ih Europe itsel £ the French magazine reflects somehow the inland continent ' s point of view , and the British magazine reflects the off 」 land, exp ] oring Point ofview . b− The popularity and distribution of the magazines themselves . They are purchased in both academic and professional circles , ゜ Graduate Student , Kyushu Institute of Design ,
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