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In this study, we proposed that local mucosal immunization of nanofibers via the intravaginal route represented a promising vaccination strategy for the treatment of genital tumor lesions such as cervical cancer.

BackgroundTachyplesin III, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), provides protection against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and shows cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Mixed bacterial infections, of which P. aeruginosa plus A. baumannii is the most common and dangerous combination, are critical contributors to the morbidity and mortality of long-term in-hospital respiratory medicine patients. Therefore, the development of effective therapeutic approaches to mixed bacterial infections is urgently needed.Methods and resultsIn this study, we demonstrated that compared with individual infections, mixed infections with MDR bacteria P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii cause more serious diseases, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1/MIP-2) and reduced mouse survival. In vitro treatment with Tachyplesin III enhanced phagocytosis in a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S). Strikingly, in vivo, Tachyplesin III demonstrated a potential role against mixed-MDR bacterial coinfection. The bacterial burden in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly reduced in the Tachyplesin III-treated group. In addition, a systemic reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased lung injury occurred with Tachyplesin III therapy.ConclusionTherefore, our study demonstrated that Tachyplesin III represents a potential therapeutic treatment against mixed-MDR bacterial infection in vivo, which sheds light on the development of therapeutic strategies against mixed-MDR bacterial infections.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 is overexpressed in various tumor tissues. It affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion and survival, promotes tumor angiogenesis and is tightly involved in the development of systemic and local immunosuppressive tumor mechanisms. Purpose: This study aimed to develop an effective vaccine against FGF-2 and to investigate the effects of anti-FGF-2 immunization on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Methods: A set of thirteen synthesized overlapping peptides covering all possible linear B-cell epitopes of murine FGF-2 and a recombinant FGF-2 protein were conjugated to viruslike particles (VLPs) of recombinant hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The VLPs were immunized through a preventive or therapeutic strategy in a TC-1 or 4T1 grafted tumor model. Results: Immunization with FGF-2 peptides or full-length protein-coupled VLPs produced FGF-2-specific antibodies with a high titer. Peptide 12, which is located in the heparin-binding site of FGF-2, or protein-conjugated VLPs presented the most significant effects on the suppression of TC-1 tumor growth. The levels of IFN-γ-expressing splenocytes and serum IFN-γ were significantly elevated; further, the immune effector cells CD8 + IFN-γ + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4 + IFN-γ + Th1 cells were significantly increased, whereas the immunosuppressive cells CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + Treg cells and Gr-1 + CD11b + myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were decreased in the immunized mice. In addition, VLP immunization significantly suppressed tumor vascularization and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In mice bearing 4T1 breast tumor, preventive immunization with FGF-2-conjugated VLPs suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis, and increased effector cell responses. Conclusion: Active immunization against FGF-2 is a new possible strategy for tumor immunotherapy.

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Debido a que el sistema teórico de la medicina tradicional china está profundamente influenciado por el pensamiento filosófico, el lenguaje de la medicina china se caracteriza por usar gran cantidad de términos filosóficos. La traducción de estos términos ha sido un reto para los traductores ya que intervienen varios elementos culturales que no tienen equivalentes en español. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar los términos de las fórmulas y prescripciones recogidas en el glosario Estándar desde la perspectiva de la comunicación intercultural. Los resultados muestran que 1) los términos con características culturales son principalmente aquellos para cuya traducción se ha optado mediante la vía de la extranjerización; 2) los métodos de traducción no son uniformes; 3) las traducciones no son fieles al texto original. Por último, se establecen unas propuestas de traducción del chino al español, mediante las cuales se espera promover la estandarización de la traducción española de terminología médica china.