Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy and the leading cause of death from solid tumours in young men. 1,2 These tumours peak during the third decade of life, and an increasing incidence has been reported widely. 3 Histologically, TGCTs are subdivided into various elements. Type II TGCT refers to seminomas and non-seminomas of (predominantly) adolescents
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an ongoing global health pandemic. Since 2019, the pandemic continues to cast a long shadow on all aspects of our lives, bringing huge health and economic burdens to all societies. With our in-depth understanding of COVID-19, from the initial respiratory tract to the later gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular systems, the multiorgan involvement of this infectious disease has been discovered. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a major health issue closely related to metabolic dysfunctions, affecting a quarter of the world's adult population. The association of COVID-19 with MAFLD has received increasing attention, as MAFLD is a potential risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 symptoms. In this review, we provide an update on the interactions between COVID-19 and MAFLD and its underlying mechanisms.
A simple and practical photochemical
strategy for intermolecular perfluoroalkyl-alkenylation
of alkenes with 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones and perfluoroalkyl iodides
has been demonstrated under visible-light irradiation. Mechanistic
studies reveal that easily available 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone substrates
can serve as efficient photosensitizers to activate perfluoroalkyl
iodides through a photoredox process. Therefore, the developed radical
relay reaction proceeds smoothly without additional transition metals
and photocatalysts.
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