Two hundred ninety-six Asian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions were assessed to detect QTLs underlying salt tolerance by association analysis using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker system. The experiment was laid out at the seedling stage in a hydroponic solution under control and 250 mM NaCl solution with three replications of four plants each. Salt tolerance was assessed by leaf injury score (LIS) and salt tolerance indices (STIs) of the number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW). LIS was scored from 1 to 5 according to the severity of necrosis and chlorosis observed on leaves. There was a wide variation in salt tolerance among Asian barley accessions. LIS and STI (SDW) were the most suitable traits for screening salt tolerance. Association was estimated between markers and traits to detect QTLs for LIS and STI (SDW). Seven significant QTLs were located on chromosomes 1H (2 QTLs), 2H (2 QTLs), 3H (1 QTL), 4H (1 QTL) and 5H (1 QTL). Five QTLs were associated with LIS and 2 QTLs with STI (SDW). Two QTLs associated with LIS were newly identified on chromosomes 3H and 4H.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop in Tunisia, especially in the south, which is characterized by an arid Saharan climate. Water resources, when available, are saline. In this study, 26 barley genotypes were evaluated in Saharan conditions. Plants were irrigated with saline water. Germination percentage, height, leaf area, tiller number, percentage of senescing leaves, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and grain yield varied significantly between genotypes. This implies that important intraspecific genetic variation in this germplasm exists in response to salinity and aridity. The estimated grain yield of the introduced cultivar '113/1B' and a local landrace ' Ardhaoui 'reached 1.1 t ha -1 , despite these saline and arid conditions, and exceeded the overall national average yield of about 0.75 t ha -1 . Selection of these genotypes can be profitable when grown in marginal areas using brackish water. The soil electric conductivity did not increase at the experimental location following saline irrigation: 2.30 dS m -1 at sowing and 2.37 dS m -1 at harvest, indicating that there is no risk of salt accumulation in sandy soil.
ABSTRACT. Medicago ciliaris L., considered as a valuable genetic resource, is a good candidate for the improvement of marginal or degraded lands with low fertility or high salinity. In this study, the phenomorphological and genetic diversity were investigated in 14 Tunisian populations of M. ciliaris for the first time. Fourteen morphological traits showed significant differentiation between populations and high levels of diversity. Two amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations (E-AGC/M-CAA; E-AAG/M-CTG) were analyzed using an automated capillary electrophoresis system. A total of 528 loci were 2 C. Jabri et al.Genetics and Molecular Research 15 (3): gmr.15038595 generated, of which 54% were polymorphic. Allelic polymorphism ranged from 0.02 to 0.5. Significant variation between populations was found for gene diversity, mean number of alleles per locus and Shannon index for which mean values were 0.17, 0.26, and 1.57, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a high rate of genetic variation within populations. Principal component analysis and genotypic clustering discriminated M. ciliaris populations according to their geographical origin. M. ciliaris clustered into three main groups. The first group was associated with high inland and cold areas, the second was defined by low areas with mild winters while the third described low coastal areas. Similarity of morphological and molecular results indicated that either markers could be used for the study of genetic diversity in this species.
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