ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of alprostadil (prostaglandin [PGE1] analog) and iloprost (prostacyclin [PGI2] analog) on renal, lung, and skeletal muscle tissues after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental rat model.Materials and methodsWistar albino rats underwent 2 hours of ischemia via infrarenal aorta clamping with subsequent 2 hours of reperfusion. Alprostadil and iloprost were given starting simultaneously with the reperfusion period. Effects of agents on renal, lung, and skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) tissue specimens were examined.ResultsRenal medullary congestion, cytoplasmic swelling, and mean tubular dilatation scores were significantly lower in the alprostadil-treated group than those found in the I/R-only group (P<0.0001, P=0.015, and P<0.01, respectively). Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, pulmonary partial destruction, consolidation, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage scores were significantly lower in alprostadil- and iloprost-treated groups (P=0.017 and P=0.001; P<0.01 and P<0.0001). Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration scores in skeletal muscle tissue were significantly lower in the iloprost-treated group than the scores found in the nontreated I/R group (P<0.0001).ConclusionAlprostadil and iloprost significantly reduce lung tissue I/R injury. Alprostadil has more prominent protective effects against renal I/R injury, while iloprost is superior in terms of protecting the skeletal muscle tissue against I/R injury.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether vitamin C has protective effects on rat liver tissue treated with different dexmedetomidine doses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty fi ve wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (Control (0.9 % NaCl intraperitoneally (ip), Dexmedetomidine 5 μg.kg -1 (ip), Dexmedetomidine 5 μg.kg -1 ip plus Vitamin C (100 mg.kg -1 ), Dexmedetomidine 10 μg.kg -1 ip and Dexmedetomidine 10 μg.kg -1 ip plus Vitamin C (100 mg.kg -1 ). Histopathological liver injury, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and tissue Malondialdehyde levels were investigated. RESULTS: Hepatocyte degeneration was signifi cantly higher in D10 group than those in other study groups (p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, liver tissue sinusoidal dilatation and hepatocyte necrosis were signifi cantly higher in D10 group than those in other groups (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, p = 0.046, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Tissue MDA levels in D10 group were signifi cantly higher than those in control, D5+Vit C and D10+Vit C groups (p = 0.028, p = 0.004, p = 0.031, respectively). SOD enzyme activity in D10 group was signifi cantly lower than in control, D5+Vit C and D10+Vit C groups (p < 0.0001, p = 0.023 and p = 0.031, respectively). CONCLUSION: High dose dexmedetomidine can induce hepatic injury and oxidative stress in rats while pretreatment with vitamin C may be effective in protecting liver tissue against this newly recognized undesirable dexmedetomidine effect (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Acute hind limb ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common consequence of abdominal aorta cross-clamping during aortic surgery. Erythrocyte deformability is affected by I/R process and may lead to increased tissue and organ injury. Lornoxicam and intravenous ibuprofen are becoming commonly used as non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAID) for postoperative analgesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg iv) and intravenous ibuprofen (30 mg/kg iv) on erythrocyte deformability in I/R model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four study groups, each containing 6 Wistar rats were created. Laparotomy was performed in all groups under general anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine. In all groups except sham group, ischemia and reperfusion were achieved by clamping and declamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 120 minutes. Rats in Group IR+L received intravenous infusion of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg) while rats in Group IR+I received intravenous infusion of ibubrofen (30 mg/kg) following 2 hours of ischemic period. At the end of reperfusion period, erythrocyte packs were prepared from heparinized blood samples. Erythrocyte suspensions with hematocrit at a concentration of 5% in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used in order to perform deformability measurements. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant. RESULTS: Relative resistance has increased in ischemia reperfusion group when compared to control group (p < 0.0001). Lornoxicam or ibuprofen intravenous treatments did not change the erythrocyte deformability during ischemia reperfusion period in rats (p = 0.851, p = 0.690). CONCLUSION: Intravenous ibuprofen or lornoxicam administrations during ischemia reperfusion period in rats have no negative effect on erythrocyte deformability. The fi ndings of the study should be supported with more detailed and extensive clinical/experimental studies in the future (Fig. 1, Ref. 18). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Moebius syndrome is neurological disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by bilateral and unilateral facial and abducens nerve congenital paralysis. This syndrome usually presents with intubation difficulty due to the craniofacial anomaly and surgical interventions are required for treatment of inadequate chewing, swallowing, coughing reflex and hypotonicity, aspiration and respiratory problems. The aim of this case report is to present anesthesia technique during the extraction of 19 tooth in 2.5-year-old girl with severe hypotonia and possible difficult intubation due to craniofacial anomaly. How to cite this article Arpaci H, Kadioglu MN, Tuzuner-Oncul AM. Anesthetic Management of a Case with Moebius Syndrome. Int J Exper Dent Sci, 2012;1(1):37-39.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) in lower extremity is a frequent and important clinical phenomenon. Protective effect of alprostadil on local and distant organ injury due to I/R has been well-documented but its effect on erythrocyte deformability needs further investigation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of alprostadil on erythrocyte deformability in infrarenal aorta of rats undergoing I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was conducted with 18 Wistar albino rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups; randomized control group (group C; n = 6), I/R group without alprostadil (group I/R; n = 6) and I/R group with alprostadil 20 mcg.kg -1 , intraperitoneal (group I/R-A; n = 6). Packs of erythrocytes were prepared from heparinized blood samples and deformability measurements were done. RESULTS: Comparisons of the control and I/R-A groups revealed similar results (p = 0.240). The values of the IR group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control and IR-A groups (p = 0.009, p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSION: In our study, we detected unfavourable effects of I/R on erythrocyte deformability, which may lead to disturbance in blood fl ow and hence tissue perfusion in infrarenal rat aorta. We also found that alprostadil had benefi cial effects by reversing undesirable effects of I/R (Fig. 1, Ref. 22). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

BackgroundChange in blood supply is held responsible for anesthesia-related abnormal tissue and organ perfusion. Decreased erythrocyte deformability and increased aggregation may be detected after surgery performed under general anesthesia. It was shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease erythrocyte deformability. Lornoxicam and/or intravenous (iv) ibuprofen are commonly preferred analgesic agents for postoperative pain management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg, iv) and ibuprofen (30 mg/kg, iv) on erythrocyte deformability, as well as hepatic and renal blood flows, in male rats.MethodsEighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: iv lornoxicam-treated group (Group L), iv ibuprofen-treated group (Group İ), and control group (Group C). Drug administration was carried out by the iv route in all groups except Group C. Hepatic and renal blood flows were studied by laser Doppler, and euthanasia was performed via intra-abdominal blood uptake. Erythrocyte deformability was measured using a constant-flow filtrometry system.ResultsLornoxicam and ibuprofen increased the relative resistance, which is an indicator of erythrocyte deformability, of rats (P=0.016). Comparison of the results from Group L and Group I revealed no statistically significant differences (P=0.694), although the erythrocyte deformability levels in Group L and Group I were statistically higher than the results observed in Group C (P=0.018 and P=0.008, respectively). Hepatic and renal blood flows were significantly lower than the same in Group C.ConclusionWe believe that lornoxicam and ibuprofen may lead to functional disorders related to renal and liver tissue perfusion secondary to both decreased blood flow and erythrocyte deformability. Further studies regarding these issues are thought to be essential.

Introduction Sleep disturbances commonly precede or precipitate psychotic disorders. The primary goals of the present study are to compare self-reports of sleep quality and chronotype with objective measurements and to investigate their relations with clinical symptoms and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in early course, minimally treated patients with psychotic disorders (PSY), their young, first-degree relatives (familial high risk: FHR) and matched controls. Methods Seventy-three participants (13-35 yrs, n(PSY)=19, n(Controls)=30, n(FHR)=24) completed self-report measures of sleep quality (PSQI), chronotype (MEQ) and PLEs (Chapman Scales). Sleep quality and chronotype were objectively measured with actigraphy (average duration of measurements: 12 days). Psychosis and FHR groups were rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) by an expert clinician. Results PSQI was significantly different between the groups (F(2,67)= 11.8, p&lt; .001), this reflected that compared to controls, both the psychosis (p&lt;.001) and FHR (p=002) groups had worse self-reported sleep quality. For objective sleep quality, we observed a main effect of day-to-day variability in total sleep time (F(2,46)= 3.24, p=.048) , with significantly higher variability in PSY than controls (p= .038). Symptom severity in PSY and FHR correlated with PSQI (r=.31, p=.047), reflecting that those with higher psychotic symptoms had more sleep disturbances. PLEs in the entire sample also correlated with PSQI (r=.41, p&lt;.001). We did not observe any correlations between objective sleep quality and symptoms. There were no group differences in chronotype (subjective or objective). Chronotype did not correlate with symptoms or PLEs. Conclusion While both early-course patients and their first-degree relatives report significant sleep disturbances, objective measurements corroborate this only for day-to-day variability in sleep duration in the patient group. Further, symptom severity and PLEs correlate only with subjective sleep disturbances. These findings highlight the importance of objective assessment of sleep quality in this population and are in line with our polysomnography work that reveals an isolated deficit in NREM sleep in the context of similar sleep duration and architecture in psychosis. Support (if any) K01 MH114012 (Baran)