Biodegradable and sustainable products are being employed to make contributions to efforts concerning environmental protection and the reduction of oil consumption. Biodegradable fibres present a simple and notable opportunity for providing sustainable textiles. Soybean fibre is a kind of regenerated and new-generation protein plant fibre. The present work aimed to analyse the many different properties of soybean fibres. Particularly it was focused on their performance, functional, comfort and dyeing properties. In literature, there are studies regarding soybean fibres but topics mostly involved the analysis of comfort properties of the fibre. In this study, fibre structure and composition, flame and UV resistance, strength, pilling behaviour, air and water vapour permeability, water absorption, drape and dyeing properties were studied. It was indicated that soybean fibre is capable of meeting the performance, comfort and functional requirements of classical and technical textile products. The fibre has many of the good qualities of natural fibres such as tenacity, moisture regain, soft-lustrous handle, dyeability and colour fastness properties, and also has some of the functional properties of synthetic fibres such as being flame retardant and anti-ultraviolet.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causal agent of rhizomania, in sugar beet cultivation areas in the Lakes District of Turkey, in 2006-2007. During surveys BNYVV suspected leaf, root, and soil samples were collected. Total of 203 soil samples were collected from different locations in the region. Sugar beet cultivar Kasandra plants were grown in these soil samples using bait plant techniques. In order to detect the structures of the vector protozoa Polymyxa betae Keskin in the root tissue of the bait plants, roots were stained with lactofuchsin and examined for the fungal cystosori under a light microscope. Presence of BNYVV was investigated using Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). ELISA test results showed that 85 samples were infected with BNYVV (41.87%). ELISA-positive samples for BNYVV were used in the mechanical inoculation studies. Test plants produced typical BNYVV symptoms. Fifty ELISA negative samples when tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), BNYVV could be detected in 50% of these samples. The present study provides evidence for occurrence of BNYVV in a major beet growing area in Turkey based on biological, serological and molecular detection of the virus. RT-PCR method was found more suitable and sensitive than DAS-ELISA for the detection of BNYVV.
Bean yellow mosaic virus, Teşhis Özet: Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki fasulye yetiştiriciliğinde önemli bir paya sahip olan Burdur ilinde BYMV (Bean yellow mosaic virus)'ün varlığı araştırılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak bu bölgedeki fasulye üretim alanlarına sürveyler yapılarak virüs simptomu sergileyen fasulye yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toplanan fasulye yaprak örneklerinde BYMV'nin varlığı biyolojik ve serolojik olarak araştırılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda; 443 örnek toplanmış ve bütün örnekler BYMV'ne spesifik antiserumlar kullanılarak double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) yöntemiyle testlenmiştir. DAS-ELISA testi sonucunda 443 örnekten 97'sinde (% 21.89) BYMV belirlenmiştir. DAS-ELISA testi sonucunda pozitif reaksiyon veren yaprak örnekleri, test bitkilerine inokule edilmiş ve oluşan belirtiler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaların sonucunda Burdur fasulye üretim alanlarından alınan yaprak örneklerinde BYMV enfeksiyonları saptanmıştır.
Background Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum anuum L.) are the host species for the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). This article aims to report the detection of serolocigally and molecularly and identification of genetic diversity these viruses in Hakkari province, Turkey.Methods and results A total of 184 leaf samples were collected from tomato and pepper plants that showed virus-like symptoms. Sample collection was carried out in Hakkari province in October, 2020. CMV and ToMV factors were investigated by Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). DAS-ELISA test showed that 106 (57.60%) of the samples were infected with one or more viruses. For phylogenetic analyses, 10 samples which were positive for CMV and ToMV were tested using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. Coat protein (CP) and replicase genes of Hakkari CMV and ToMV isolates were amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers. The resulting DNA sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos: OM286731, OM286732, OM286733, OM286734, OM418629). When the replicase and coat protein gene sequences of four ToMV isolates and one CMV isolate were compared with the isolates in GenBank, a nucleotide homology of 98.1-99.6% and 91.7-99.4% were found, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong similarity between Hakkari ToMV and CMV isolates and other Turkish isolates. Consistent with the molecular studies conducted in Turkey on CMV and ToMV, the isolates detected in this study also clustered in subgroup Ia. Conclusions With this study, CMV and ToMV factors were serologically and molecularly detected for the first time in Hakkari and the first nation-wide report for ToMV replicase sequences in infected tomato and peppers were submitted.
ili ve ilçelerinde örtüaltı hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) ve kabak (Cucurbita pepo L.) üretim alanlarında ZYMV (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus), PRSV (Papaya ring spot virus), SqMV (Squash mosaic virus) ve CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus)'nün varlığının, serolojik, ve biyolojik yöntemlerle saptanması ve toplanan örneklerdeki yaygınlığının ortaya konulması amacıyla 2014-2015 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Örtüaltı hıyar ve kabak üretim alanlarından alınan ve virüs şüphesi duyulan 455 yaprak ve meyve örneğinin hepsi DAS-ELISA ile testlenmiştir. Teslenen 455 örneğin 346 adedininde (%76) bir ve daha fazla virüs ile enfekteli olduğu belirlenmiştir. ELISA testleri sonucunda pozitif reaksiyon veren bitkilerden alınan dokular mekanik inokulasyon çalışmalarında kullanılmıştır. İndikatör bitkiler üzerinde 15-30 gün gibi bir sürede belirti gözlenmiştir.
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