To develop intelligent wearable protection systems is
of great
significance to human health engineering. An ideal intelligent air
filtration system should possess reliable filtration efficiency, low
pressure drop, healthcare monitoring function, and man–machine
interactive capability. However, no existing intelligent protection
system covers all these essential aspects. Herein, we developed an
intelligent wearable filtration system (IWFS) via advanced nanotechnology
and machine learning. Based on the triboelectric mechanism, the fabricated
IWFS exhibits a long-lasting high particle filtration efficiency and
bacteria protection efficiency of 99% and 100%, respectively, with
a low-pressure drop of 5.8 mmH2O. Correspondingly, the
charge accumulation of the optimized IWFS (87 nC) increased to 3.5
times that of the pristine nanomesh, providing a significant enhancement
of the particle filtration efficiency. Theoretical principles, including
the enhancement of the β-phase and the lower surface potential
of the modified nanomesh, were quantitatively investigated by molecular
dynamics simulation, band theory, and Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Furthermore, we endowed the IWFS with a healthcare monitoring function
and man–machine interactive capability through machine learning
and wireless transmission technology. Crucial physiological signals
of people, including breath, cough, and speaking signals, were detected
and classified, with a high recognition rate of 92%; the fabricated
IWFS can collect healthcare data and transmit voice commands in real
time without hindrance by portable electronic devices. The achieved
IWFS not only has practical significance for human health management
but also has great theoretical value for advanced wearable systems.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide, leading to increased medical care costs. To turn the scale, it is essential to acquire a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of CVDs and thus formulate more efficient and reliable treatments. Over the last decade, tremendous effort has been made to develop microfluidic systems to recapitulate native cardiovascular environments because of their unique advantages over conventional 2D culture systems and animal models such as high reproductivity, physiological relevance, and good controllability. These novel microfluidic systems could be extensively adopted for natural organ simulation, disease modeling, drug screening, disease diagnosis and therapy. Here, a brief review of the innovative designs of microfluidic devices for CVDs research is presented, with specific discussions on material selection, critical physiological and physical considerations. In addition, we elaborate on various biomedical applications of these microfluidic systems such as blood-vessel-on-a-chip and heart-on-a-chip, which are conducive to the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of CVDs. This review also provides systematic guidance on the construction of next-generation microfluidic systems for diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. Finally, the challenges and future directions in this field are highlighted and discussed.
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