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This paper proposes a fingerprint-based indoor localization method, named FPFE (fingerprint feature extraction), to locate a target device (TD) whose location is unknown. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon nodes (BNs) are deployed in the localization area to emit beacon packets periodically. The received signal strength indication (RSSI) values of beacon packets sent by various BNs are measured at different reference points (RPs) and saved as RPs’ fingerprints in a database. For the purpose of localization, the TD also obtains its fingerprint by measuring the beacon packet RSSI values for various BNs. FPFE then applies either the autoencoder (AE) or principal component analysis (PCA) to extract fingerprint features. It then measures the similarity between the features of PRs and the TD with the Minkowski distance. Afterwards, k RPs associated with the k smallest Minkowski distances are selected to estimate the TD’s location. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the localization error of FPFE. The experimental results show that FPFE achieves an average error of 0.68 m, which is better than those of other related BLE fingerprint-based indoor localization methods.

A guidance system is needed when freshmen explore their new building environment. With the advancements of mobile technologies, a guidance system using mobile computing devices such as mobile phones or tablets could aid freshmen in locating the desired destination with ease. The proposed system consists of three main subsystems: the marker-based cyberphysical interaction (CPI) system, the indoor positioning (IP) system, and the augmented-reality (AR) system. With the help of visible markers and invisible markers, the CPI system allows the users to do interactions between the physical and cyber environments; the IP system produces accurate user position information; the AR system provides the users with good user experiences. An Android application, named Engfi Gate, is developed to realize the system design in the test environment. This paper also shows the comparisons of the proposed system with other related systems. Furthermore, the design architecture of Engfi Gate system can be used in other locationbased applications. Keyword:Augmented reality Cyber physical system Guidance system Indoor positioning Marker Copyright © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved. Corresponding Author:Hanas Subakti, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan, ROC. Email: hanas@g.ncu.edu,tw INTRODUCTIONAt the early visit, freshmen or new students need navigation guidance to ease them finding their destination room in a building. The common current physical navigation signs are often confusing and even more, make them lost inside the building. This problem makes freshman spend more effort to find their intended destination. In order to address this problem, an interactive guidance system is needed.In this work, we propose design and implementation of an interactive guidance system that enables interaction between guidance system, building environment, and freshmen. This system provides general information such as maps and images of the building, location-based information like directions, and descriptions of specific places/rooms/facilities for helping new students (or users) explore their department buildings. This system consists of three subsystems: the marker-based cyber-physical interaction (CPI) system, the indoor positioning (IP) system, and the augmented-reality (AR) system. The CPI system uses concept of the cyber-physical system (CPS) which collects sensor data from the physical world and links them to various information sources for real-time analysis in the cyber environment [1]. The IP system produces accurate user position updates so that the system can provide the users with proper and timely location-based information. An AR system has high potential to improve the user experience of applications in which users must access information that has a direct spatial relation to their immediate environment [2]. An Android application, named Engfi Gate, is developed to realize the sy...

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