Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify factors influencing workers' intention to work while ill, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. Methods: A systematic search of articles was carried out from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligibility of each article was assessed using PRISMA guidelines. Overall, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria after the selection process and were included in this review. Results: The factors fit into 3 constructs: (1) attitude (good and bad consequences of working while ill), (2) subjective norms (descriptive and injunctive norms on working while ill), and (3) perceived behavioral control (facilitators and barriers of working while ill). Conclusions: The TPB is a practical theory to conceptualize and understand the factors influencing workers' intention to work while ill. These findings provide initial knowledge on the development of a framework to measure workers' intention to work while ill and to propose appropriate interventions for workers with chronic illness.
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is on the rise in the healthcare industry. However, the study on the physicians’ perspectives is still lacking. The study aimed to examine physicians’ attitudes, expectations, and concerns regarding the application of AI in medicine. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2019 among physicians in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. The survey used a validated questionnaire from the literature, which covered: (1) socio-demographic profile; (2) attitude towards the application of AI; (3) expected application in medicine; and (4) possible risks of using AI. Comparison of the mean score between the groups using a t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 112 physicians participated in the study: 64.3% from the clinical departments; 35.7% from the non-clinical specialties. The physicians from non-clinical departments had significantly higher mean attitude score (mean = 14.94 ± 3.12) compared to the clinical (person-oriented) departments (mean = 14.13 ± 3.10) and clinical (technique-oriented) departments (mean = 13.06 ± 2.88) (p = 0.033). The tech-savvy participants had a significantly higher mean attitude score (mean = 14.72 ± 3.55) than the non–tech-savvy participants (mean = 13.21 ± 2.46) (p = 0.01). There are differences in the expectations among the respondents and some concerns exist especially on the legal aspect of AI application in medicine. Proper training and orientation should precede its implementation and must be appropriate to the physicians’ needs for its utilization and sustainability.
Introduction Globally, stroke continues to become a significant public health issue contributing to one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with stroke who were admitted to a teaching hospital in Malaysia and to determine the factors associated with length of stay (LOS). Methods This is a single-center, cross-sectional study using in-patient data maintained by the Case-Mix Unit of a teaching hospital in Malaysia from 2016 to 2017. The study included all patients with International Classification of Disease (ICD) code 164 (stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarct). The significance of association was determined using nonparametric tests in the form of the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 162 stroke patients from 2016 to 2017 from Case-Mix database were included in the study. The age ranged from 31 to 97 years old. The minimum and maximum LOS for patients with stroke ranged from 1 to 17 days. The severity of illness was found to be significantly associated with longer LOS (p < 0.001); however, age, sex, and presence of co-morbidities did not show any significant association. Conclusion Despite its limitations, this study is an essential first step to examine the characteristics of patients with stroke and to determine the factors associated with LOS.
Background: Frequent short-term sickness absence is prevalent among workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This in return leads to poor productivity in organizations and decreased ability to work among workers. Nevertheless, some workers with MSDs still continue to work despite pain and are able to maintain their productivity. Existing literature on attending work while ill is very limited. Understanding the factors influencing workers’ attendance to work while having symptoms is crucial to help workers live with their MSD productively and healthily. According to literature on behavior theories, the proximal determinant of behavior is one’s intention to engage in that behavior. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the factors that influence the intention to work while ill among workers with MSD. Methods: Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide according to a grounded theory approach. Workers with MSD were recruited via a purposive and snowballing sampling until data saturation was attained. Data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis using computer software, ATLAS.ti. Results: Nine major significant themes of factors influencing the intention to work while ill were identified after transcription. From these, a total of six themes were associated with attendance incentives driving workers to attend work while ill (work commitment, work satisfaction, support from colleagues, workplace arrangements, ability to recover at home and ability to manage pain at work) and three themes were linked to attendance requirements (consequences to self, consequences to others and poor acceptance of one’s illness for sickness absence by supervisor and colleagues) faced by workers to attend work while ill. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of both positive and negative motivators in influencing the intention to work while ill among workers with MSD. Future research suggests comparing both motivators in terms of work performance to aid more workers to work while ill.
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