It has been publicized that pregnant women exhibit an increase in clinical signs and symptoms during the pregnancy period. Nurses have an essential role to help pregnant women in handling their self-care as independently as possible. Health education is a foundation of nursing interventions in prenatal care. The compliance of pregnant women to health instructions will facilitate the nursing management in being systemic, holistic and creative for experiencing a positive pregnancy outcome. But, despite all the best intentions and efforts on the part of the healthcare professionals, these products might not be achievable if the women are non-compliant. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect health education compliance among pregnant women. A descriptive research design was undertaken. By convenient sampling, 238 pregnant women were selected at out-patients units in El Shatiby University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. A Health Education Compliance Questionnaire (HECQ) was developed and used to collect the necessary data of the study. Based on the analysis of the subjects' responses, the results revealed that there were promoting and inhibiting factors regarding health education compliance as perceived by pregnant women. First, in relation to themselves, the enhancing factors were physical and psychological conditions, self-cooperation, and relationship with the health staff, whereas, the inhibiting factors were concentration and understanding, acceptance, and trust. Second, as regards social and economic factors, the promoting factors were friends and relatives, family relationships, and marital age, while the hindering factors were monthly income, family size and transportation. Moreover, study subjects ranked the satisfactory topics that they received and adhered pregnancy follow up took the first position and dangerous signs were the next. In conclusion, compliance to health education among pregnant women is a major health concern affecting almost all women in El Shatiby University Hospital. There are a lot of factors that may promote or inhibit health education compliance among these women. The major recommendation is that nurses as health educators must facilitate the educational process for pregnant women, family and society. Efforts and collaboration between all nursing disciplines in the field of health education should be established. As this may be crucial to improve health education compliance within pregnancy or other maternal condition. Future studies need to investigate on how to minimize the inhibiting factors and support the promoting ones.
Introduction: Spontaneous or episiotomy-induced damage to the genital organs during delivery affects the quality of active labor, especially among primiparous women. It is frequently observed during delivery and can have detrimental effects on a mother's health and quality of life. Aim of the study to determine the effect of Aloe Vera gel versus normal saline on pain relieve and healing process of episiotomy. Materials and method: Design: A comparative quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Subjects: A convenience study subject of (120) women were selected from EL-Shatby Maternity University Hospital. Tools: Four tools were used by the researchers to collect the necessary data: Tool I: basic data structured interview schedule, Tool II: Pain Intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tool III: Wound Healing REEDA Scale and Tool IV: Bacteriological Wound Study. Results: There was a statistically significant differences between both groups in relation to perineal pain intensity after 10 postnatal days (X 2 = 7.937, p = 0.005). On the 10 th postpartum day, the entire Aloe Vera group did achieve complete healing of episiotomy wound compared to 80% of the normal saline group. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: it could be concluded that the application of Aloe Vera gel was more effective on wound healing and perineal pain than normal saline among postnatal women with episiotomy. Moreover the growth of the isolated organisms among the episiotomy wound treated with the Aloe Vera gel were less than among those treated with normal saline.
Breast engorgement can cause breastfeeding difficulties. Different non-pharmacological methods to relieve breast engorgement have been attempted and investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of lukewarm water compresses versus cold gel packs on breast engorgement among puerperal women. Subject and method: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized. This study was conducted at the Obstetric and Gynecologic Department of Damanhur National Medical Institution at El-Behira Governorate. A convenient sample of 80 puerperal women was recruited according to inclusion criteria. The selected women were assigned randomly and equally into two groups; group 1 (lukewarm water compresses) and group 2 (cold gel packs). Three tools were used to collect the necessary data (basic data structured interview schedule, Six-Point self-rated engorgement scale and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: According to the breast engorgement rating scale, a highly statistically significant difference (P=0.000) was found between the two groups after the 2 nd intervention day. Conclusion: breast engorgement and pain intensity were significantly reduced after the second intervention day among lukewarm water compresses group, compared to the cold gel packs group. Recommendations: nurses should be trained to advise women during their discharge teaching plan about lukewarm water compresses application to relieve breast engorgement.
Perineal massage help to stretch the vaginal opening and surrounding perineal muscles through applying of external manual pressure, It increases the flexibility of the perineal muscles, thereby reducing muscle resistance, causing the perineum to stretch during labor without rupture and no need for an episiotomy. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of late pregnancy self-perineal massage on the perineal state of the primi-parturients. Methods:Quasi experimental design was used to conduct this study at a private hospital of obstetrics and gynecology specialty at El-Mahalla El -Kobra city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. A nonprobability purposive sample of 68 pregnant women were invited to participate in the study and were divided into two groups (n=34 per each group); the intervention group (underwent late pregnancy self-perineal massage) and control group (underwent conventional hospital protocol of care). Two tools were used to collect the data; the first tool was a structured interview schedule to assess participants' basic characteristics. The second tool was assessment sheet to assess the duration of labor, perineal state and neonatal outcomes after delivery. Results: Post intervention, there was statistical significant difference between the studied groups regarding perineal trauma in which 82.4% of the subjects in the perineal massage group had intact perineum compared to 64.7% of the control group. The mean duration of second stage of labor was shorter in the perineal massage group compared to control group (54.411 ± 3.105 & 57.176 ± 2.989, respectively). Conclusion: The current study findings highlighted those primi-parturient women who perform late pregnancy selfperineal massage exhibits shorter duration of labor and experiences lower perineal trauma as well as reports lower postpartal perineal pain. This study recommended that late pregnancy self-perineal massage technique should be considered as a part of the routine perinatal care to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma.
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