Solar cells thin films were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a thin film, with extract of natural pigment from local flower. A concentration of 0.1g/ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution in water was prepared for four samples, with various concentrations of plant pigment (0, 15, 25 and 50) % added to each of the four solutions separately for preparing (PVA with low concentrated dye , PVA with medium concentrated dye and PVA with high concentrated dye ) thin films respectively . Ultraviolet absorption regions were obtained by computerized UV-Visible (CECIL 2700). Optical properties including (absorbance, reflectance, absorption coefficient, energy gap and dielectric constant) via UV- Vis were tested, too. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was employed to test the samples. Thermal analysis of thin films, including melting point (Tm), onset degree, endset degree, and crystallinity% were tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Three dimensional morphologies of thin films were inspected by atomic force microscopy (ATM). Contact angle also was tested as an index to hydrophilicity. Results proved that the ultraviolet and FTIR absorption increase after adding the natural pigment to PVA thin film, as well as it increases with increasing concentration of natural pigment. DSC analysis revealed an increase of PVA melting point when adding 15% concentration and it decreases with a 50% concentration of pigment. AFM results show an increase in surface roughness, hence the surface bearing index of PVA thin films is inversely proportional to pigment concentration. Contact angle decreases from 46.5° for pure PVA thin film to 44. 8°, 42. 6° and 35.2° after adding (15, 25, and 50)% concentration of natural dye respectively. Optical properties were enhanced by adding the natural dye, hence energy gap decreased from 3 eV for pure PVA to 2.3 eV for the PVA with a high concentrate dye. Dielectric constant increased with increasing concentration of dye, which leads to high polarization of solar cell.
This study determines the effects of UV radiation and heat treatment on many flow and mechanical parameters of PEG 4000, including flow time and viscosity (specific, reduced, relative, and intrinsic). Solubility time and shore D hardness are among the mechanical characteristics. By adjusting the concentrations of solutions in the range (0.01–0.03) g/ml of heating and non-heating PEG powders, and examining the polymer's solubility at the same time, the flow characteristics of the polymer are explored. Random glass fiber reinforcement in the range of 0.1–0.4 wt has also been studied to indicate the effect on shore hardness. After exposing the produced plates to ultraviolet light, the efficacy of the plates in purifying the oil from contaminants was investigated. The results show that increasing the concentration increases all types of viscosity and flow time, with the exception of intrinsic viscosity, which decreases as concentrations increase. Other parameters decrease after the first UV ray and heat treatment, but increase as the time of UV ray treatment increases. Furthermore, increasing the weight ratio of glass fibers from 0.1 to 0.4 wt lowered shore hardness, whereas increasing the weight ratio at the same previous range increased it after UV rad. While solubility data refers to increasing polymer weight and radiation help increase solubility time. The filtration efficacy of the small particles of the produced filters increased after the overlapping plates were exposed to UV radiation, owing to the smaller pore diameters.
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