No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

he morphogenetic effects of crude extracts and essential oils of the four tested plants (long leaved Eucalyptus, Jojoba, Lavender and Neem) on adults of Bactrocera zonata which emerged from treated larvae or pupae (the 3 rd larval instar and pupae of 1-and 3-days old) as contact poisons was studied. Results revealed that the values of effective concentrations (EC50%) differed according to the tested formulation and used plant as well as the treated individuals. The essential oils were more effective than crude extracts against the tested stages. The full grown larvae of B. zonata were the most adversely-affected to Lavender (as essential oils or crude extract) recording the lowest values of EC50 (1.05 and 13%, respectively), whereas Jojoba recorded the highest values (EC50 was 18% for crude extract and 3 % for essential oils). In case of one-day old pupae, Jojoba crude extract and Lavender essential oils were the most efficient showing EC50 values of 9.13 and 1.25%, respectively. Pupae of 3days old were the most tolerable stage to the crude extracts of the four used plants showing EC50 values > 20%, but the same stage was differently susceptible to essential oils of the tested plants, where Eucalyptus was the most efficient (EC50= 3.10%). On the other hand, the increment of concentrations, the increase of effectiveness, where the malformed individuals and degree of deformities gradually and sharply increased with the increase of concentrations of all used formulations.

No abstract

No abstract