No abstract

Probiotics are live microbes that assist in restoring the symbiotic intestinal gut flora balance and thus bestow health benefits to the host. The most commonly used human probiotics are members of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Besides these bacteria, Saccharomyces boulardii, a yeast strain, is also widely used as a probiotic to treat a variety of conditions, including antibiotics-associated diarrhea and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. A primary advantage of using Saccharomyces boulardii as a probiotic is that it can be used by patients undergoing antibiotic regimen due to its natural resistance to antibiotics. The genetic transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, a frequent event between pathogenic and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria, is not as frequent between yeast and bacteria. Furthermore, Saccharomyces boulardii is also tolerant to various local stresses such as the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes, bile salts, organic acids, etc. and can withstand considerable variations in pH and temperature while transiting through the human GIT. Saccharomyces boulardii is known as generally regarded as safe (GRAS)with probiotic activity against a wide range of pathogens. This yeast is often marketed in a lyophilized form, “ S. boulardii lyo”, complete sequence of the genome was performed, and a comparative analysis of the genome was performed. From clinical studies, the results of randomized controlled trials in patients repeatedly confirmed the significant positive effect in the treatment of acute and chronic diseases.

Objectives To know the effect of intestinal parasitic infection on the differential count of white blood cells and sex factor effect on some blood criteria. Methods The fecal samples were examined by direct and indirect methods. Blood samples were withdrawn for the testing of the differential count of white blood cells, Hb, PCV, T.WBC and numbers of eosinophils.Results The results showed that AL-Jibaish General Hospital was the highest with parasitic infection (50.4%) in comparison with other hospitals. A high percentage (30%) of Entamoeba histolytica was formed. When compared with the percentage of each parasite under study between those hospitals, Entamoeba histolytica appeared with 12% in AL-Shatra and 46.6% in AL-Jibaish. There were significant differences between the parasite types in the percent of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils. It ranged from increase and decrease according to parasite type. The significant difference appeared at the six-factor effect on the number of eosinophils was calculated by using the statistical analysis (χ 2 ) in level P < 0.05. Conclusion E. histolytica is the most common parasite. AL-Jibaish district suffers from a lack of services. There is no effect on the sex factor on blood criteria. Each one parasite has a different effect on blood components.

Using of biotechnology has increased in recent times, in turn, the excessive use of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, and microbiology to carry out this technique has also increased, as the sciences on which biotechnology is based. There is no doubt that the application of these sciences must leave fears or negative effects on living organisms and the environment. It should be noted that when the use of modern technologies increased, the emergence of incurable diseases such as cancer and congenital malformations has increased, which calls for caution in using this technology and not using it except in cases of extreme necessity. Keywords: Biotechnology, Gene therapy, Genetically modified food, Medicine

The present study has included collection of 1001 fecal samples of children aged seven years old and less than that age who visited different hospitals in Thi-Qar Province and in different area to ensure study for all province during the period from the first of October 2010 to the end of July 2011 to find out extent of the relationship between infection with intestinal parasites and factors age, sex, month, nature of water used for drinking, economic status, Location of residence, type of feeding , Education level of parents and Signs or clinical symptoms associated with infection of intestinal parasites. The fecal samples were examined by two methods: direct and indirect by floatation. The results have showed that percentage of infected children with parasites was % 33.3. The single infections were prevailing with % 32 and Entamoeba histolytica formed high percentage % 28.8 in it , while the double infections reached % 1.2 as for the triple infection was found in one case in male aged four years old. Significant differences weren't found between intestinal parasitic infection and factors age , six , months, location of residence, type of feeding and educational level of parents while the differences were significant for economic factor and the water used for drinking and Signs or clinical symptoms associated with infection of intestinal parasites .