Memory impairments are one of the most common consequences of acquired brain injury. Poor memory can have a severe impact on a person's daily functioning and his/her quality of life. While research provides some support for using external, compensatory strategies (e.g. diaries, lists, visual or electronic reminders), empirical evidence in favor of internal, restorative strategies (i.e. learning and training strategies that utilize less impaired or healthy cognitive resources to restore function) is much sparser. This study investigates the effects of a rehabilitation treatment comprised of internal strategies on the memory functioning of 11 participants with acquired brain injury associated memory impairments. The interventions utilized in this study included practicing visualization, first letter mnemonics, semantic clustering, elaborative encoding, and completing worksheets from Workbook of Activities for Language and Cognition (WALC 10 Memory). The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used for the pre-and post-treatment assessment of memory functioning. Treatment gains as measured by pre-post therapy RBANS differences suggested large memory improvements of a magnitude to suggest clinically meaningful gains. This study was limited by its sample size, absence of a control group, and use of only one outcome measure. Keywords: Rehabilitation; Brain injury; Memory Internal Memory Rehabilitation Strategies in the Context of Post-Acute Brain InjuryMemory impairment is a common consequence of acquired brain injury that often causes functional and long-term disability [1]. Memory impairment can be caused by many types of brain injury. By some estimates, in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) the prevalence of memory impairment ranges between 40% and 84% [2]. Within the overall TBI population, the percentage of people suffering from some form of memory impairment ranges from 20% to 79%, depending on the severity of the closed-head trauma, the timing of assessment, and the instruments used. Even after one year, 4% to 25% of TBI patients show some form of memory impairment [3]. The prevalence of memory dysfunction post-stroke varies from 23% to 55% in the first 3 months and at one year post-stroke, declines to between 11% and 31% percent [4,5].Memory impairment can be an obstacle to successful return to work and may even interfere with successful rehabilitation [6]. Individuals with TBI and their family members report post-injury memory deficits as one of the most persistent problems following a TBI [7]. Memory impairments can interfere with independence in activities of daily living, as well as return to work, social participation and the overall quality of life [8]. The long-term persistence of memory impairments and the risk that these impairments will affect functional activities often cause clinicians to target the memory issues as a therapy goal. Cognitive rehabilitation providers report learning and memory as primary post-injury target of rehabilit...
Preterm labor often leads to a preterm birth and has been shown to be the most important determinant of risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. While medication management has been utilized by physicians to delay preterm labor, the results these medications achieve remain inconsistent, in addition to increasing the risk to the developing fetus. Terbutaline has been among the most commonly used 2 -adrenoreceptor ( 2 AR) agonists in the management of preterm labor. The research suggests that tocolytic terbutaline therapy carries a significant risk for the mother and the child, which can be magnified by extended exposure, sex of the fetus, and administration during critical fetal developmental periods. This paper highlights the research on terbutaline in treatment of preterm labor, along with the possible associated cognitive deficits in adolescents who were treated with terbutaline in utero. Two case summaries are presented to illustrate the potential deficits in clinical presentations of adolescents with history of intrauterine exposure to terbutaline. Publicizing the association between terbutaline and these deficits can not only assist obstetricians and expectant mothers in making a more informed choice in the treatment of preterm labor but also provide neuropsychologists and pediatricians with information helpful in understanding the etiology of these impairments.
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