Primary ureas have been used as substrates in rhodium-catalyzed N-H insertion reactions with an array of diazocarbonyls. The insertion reaction is efficient and gives excellent selectivity and yields. The products from the insertion reaction with diazoketones cyclize readily in the presence of acid to yield the corresponding imidazolones that can be further derivatized by N-alkylation with alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides. Alternatively, the imidazolones were treated with phosphorus oxybromide to form the corresponding 2-bromoimidazoles that were further functionalized using a Suzuki coupling reaction.
A series of alpha-diazo-beta-ketoesters were reacted with Boc amino acid amides in the presence of rhodium octanoate catalyst. The resulting N-H insertion products were treated with acid, providing the 1,4-azine intermediates, which were oxidized by air to form the corresponding pyrazine-6-one products. The pyrazine-6-ones were further derivatized by N-alkylation or by conversion to the arylpyrazines using sequential bromination and Suzuki coupling reactions. [reaction: see text]
The solid-phase synthesis of a library of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted ureas is described. In this approach, an array of polymer-bound carbamates was synthesized. These polymer-bound primary and secondary amine carbamates were then treated under "smart" diversity-building cleavage conditions using a series of aluminum amide complexes to form the corresponding urea cleavage products. The crude cleavage products from this study were isolated in excellent yield and purity. To show the applicability of this strategy, a series of biaryl ureas were synthesized using sequential solid-phase Suzuki coupling and urea formation reactions.
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