The outbreak of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted investigations on various aspects. This research aims to study the possible correlation between the numbers of swab tests and the trend of confirmed cases of infection, while paying particular attention to the sickness level. The study is carried out in relation to the Italian case, but the result is of more general importance, particularly for countries with limited ICU (intensive care units) availability. The statistical analysis showed that, by increasing the number of tests, the trend of home isolation cases was positive. However, the trend of mild cases admitted to hospitals, intensive case cases, and daily deaths were all negative. The result of the statistical analysis provided the basis for an AI study by ANN. In addition, the results were validated using a multivariate linear regression (MLR) approach. Our main result was to identify a significant statistical effect of a reduction of pressure on the health care system due to an increase in tests. The relevance of this result is not confined to the COVID-19 outbreak, because the high demand of hospitalizations and ICU treatments due to this pandemic has an indirect effect on the possibility of guaranteeing an adequate treatment for other high-fatality diseases, such as, e.g., cardiological and oncological ones. Our results show that swab testing may play a significant role in decreasing stress on the health system. Therefore, this case study is relevant, in particular, for plans to control the pandemic in countries with a limited capacity for admissions to ICU units.
Objectives: The outbreak of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted investigations on various aspects. This research aims to study the possible correlation between the numbers of swab tests and confirmed cases of infection, with special attention to the sickness level. Study Design: The study is carried out with reference to the Italian case, but the result is of more general importance, in particular for countries with limited availability of ICUs (intensive care units). Methods: The statistical analysis shows correlation between the number of swab tests and those of daily positive cases, mild cases admitted to hospital, intensive care cases, recovery, and death rate, and provides a basis to carry on an AI study. The results were validated using a multivariate linear regression (MLR) approach. Results: Our main result is the identification of a significant statistical effect of reduction of the pressure on the Health system as result of the increase of the tests. The relevance of this result is not confined to the COVID-19 outbreak, because the high demand of hospitalizations and ICU treatments due to this pandemic has an indirect effect on the possibility of guaranteeing an adequate treatment for other high-fatality disease, such as e.g. cardiological, and oncological. Conclusions: Our results show that swab testing may play a major role to decrease the stress on the Health system of a country. Therefore, this case study is relevant in particular for the planning of the control of the pandemic in countries with a limited capacity of admission to ICU s units.
Climate change is a significant problem that many countries are currently facing, and green roofs (GRs) are one of the suitable choices to confront it and decrease its impacts. The advantages of GRs are numerous, such as stormwater management, thermal need reduction, runoff quality, and life quality improvement. However, there are some limitations, including the weight, limits in water retention, irrigation in the drought period, suitability of harvested water for building usages, installation on sloped roofs, and high cost. Therefore, developing a novel system and design for GRs with higher efficiency and fewer negative points seems necessary and is the main scope of this research. In this regard, a novel multipurpose self-irrigated green roof with an innovative drainage layer combined with specific multilayer filters has been developed. The application of the proposed system in terms of water retention capacity, water storage volume, runoff treatment performance, irrigation system, drainage layer, application of the harvested water for domestic purposes, and some other aspects has been analyzed and compared with the conventional systems with a focus on extensive green roofs. The results demonstrate that this novel green roof would have many advantages including less weight due to the replacement of the gravel drainage layer with a pipeline network for water storage, higher water retention capacity due to the specific design, higher impacts on runoff treatment due to the existence of multilayer filters that can be changed periodically, easier installation on flat and sloped roofs, the possibility of using the collected rainfall for domestic use, and fewer irrigation water demands due to the sub-surface self-irrigation system.
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