Aflatoxicosis, toxicity of aflatoxin, is of great concern in aquaculture. This study was conducted to assess the efficacies of three adsorbents, a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.C.) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM), against feed contaminated with contained 200 lg/kg (ppb) aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). A total of 240 Nile tilapia fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus (15 ± 2 g), were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (30 fish per group) with three replicates. Group T 1 represented the negative control fed on a basal diet, and T 2 was the positive control group fed on a basal diet supplemented with 200 ppb AFB 1 . Groups T 3 , T 4 and T 5 were fed the AFB 1 -contaminated diet (200 ppb) supplemented with 0.5 % HSCAS, 0.25 % S.C or 0.25 % EGM, respectively. Groups T 6 , T 7 and T 8 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % HSCAS, 0.25 % S.C or 0.25 % EGM, respectively. The reduction in AFB 1 -bioavailability was judged by toxin residues in fish musculature throughout the study beginning at the second week of exposure. AFB 1 reduced the survivability, total weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate, evident as early as the second week of exposure. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and total leukocyte count were significantly decreased after AFB 1 exposure for 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively. Prolonged administration of AFB 1 led to significant increases in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and creatinine activity, and produced significant decreases in plasma proteins, including serum globulin. The specific immune response was assessed by an agglutinating antibody titer after immunization of the fish with an Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. The antibody titer and relative level of protection of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila 123Aquacult Int (2014( ) 22:523-540 DOI 10.1007 were reduced throughout the period of examination in AFB 1 -exposed fish. Supplementation with HSCAS, S.C. or EGM significantly improved growth performance, blood parameters and immune status; in addition, these groups showed decreased AFB 1 residues in fish musculature when compared with AFB 1 -treated fish. HSCAS effectively reduced AFB 1 toxicity, whereas S.C. and EGM were less efficacious.

Damanhour city for detection of lead and cadmium levels in their muscular tissues using Perkin-Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The reported results showed that the mean values of lead in the examined samples of the fore-mentioned fish species were 0.360±0.090, 0.720±0.550, 1.315±0.975 and 0.568±0.064 ppm, wet weight with an incidence of 13.3% to each of Bolti, Bori and Karmout, 33.3% for Carp. While that of the cadmium were 0.020±0.005, 0.019±0.006, 0.016±0.003 and 0.014±0.003 ppm wet weight with incidences of 46.7% 20.0%, 66.7% and 40.0%, respectively. The percentages of the examined samples of Bolti, Bori, Karmout and Carp for lead levels which not exceed the permissible limit (0.1 ppm) according to the Egyptian Organization for Standarization and Quality Control "EOSQC" (1993) were 86.7% for each of Bolti, Bori and Karmout, 66.7% for Carp and the values of examined samples for cadmium level not exceed the permissible limit (0.1 ppm) according to "EOSQC" (1993). The puplic health significance and the hazardous toxic effects of these heavy metals were discussed. In addition, recommendations regarding the consumption of fish from the health authorities should be taken for protection of fish consumers. The governmental role is to improve the enforcement of the safety, health and environmental laws.