Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when tumor cell dissemination has taken place. Chemo- and targeted therapies provide only a limited increase of overall survival for these patients. The major reason for clinical outcome finds its origin in therapy resistance. Escape mechanisms to both chemo- and targeted therapy remain the main culprits. Here, we evaluate major resistant mechanisms and elaborate on potential new therapies. Amongst promising therapies is α-amanitin antibody-drug conjugate targeting hemizygous p53 loss. It becomes clear that a dynamic interaction with the tumor microenvironment exists and that this dictates therapeutic outcome. In addition, CRC displays a limited response to checkpoint inhibitors, as only a minority of patients with microsatellite instable high tumors is susceptible. In this review, we highlight new developments with clinical potentials to augment responses to checkpoint inhibitors.
With the increasing concerns about the environmental issues of forest health tourism, the environmentally responsible behavior of tourists becomes the key to the sustainable development of forest health tourism. Therefore, the article takes experiential value as an entrance point, innovatively introduces the scenario of forest health tourism, and divides experiential value into the functional value, hedonic value and symbolic value. Then, a theoretical model of the experiential value of forest health tourism, two place perception concepts of place attachment, and environmentally responsible behavior is constructed. The research team assembled 498 valid questionnaires for the empirical investigation in the Fuzhou National Forest Park in China. Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical hypotheses and to explore the cumulative driving effects of the experiential value and place attachment in forest health tourism on environmentally responsible behavior. The results showed that the experiential value of forest health tourism had a significant positive effect on the environmentally responsible behavior. It also had a significant positive effect on place attachment, which also strengthened the environmentally responsible behavior. In addition, place attachment is considered to be an important mediator of the effect of forest health tourism’s experiential value on the intention of environmentally responsible behavior. Place attachment is a more important element driving environmentally responsible behavior than the elements of the forest health tourism’s experiential value. Place attachment has a greater impact on tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior than place identification. This highlights the importance of place attachment in influencing the environmentally responsible behavior of tourists. These results provide a useful theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting environmentally responsible behavior in forest health tourism.
Quantifying the water layout factors in a campus square helps to lay out water bodies more scientifically and utilize the microclimate effect to alleviate the heat and humidity of campus squares in summer. The West Gate Square of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China has been used as the primary theoretical model, and the landscape pattern index from landscape ecology has been used to quantify the scale, shape, and dispersion of water bodies. Consider the typical weather, the summer solstice, as the experiment time. The relationship between the water body layout factors and cooling effect, the humidification effect, and the wind speed is clarified from both temporal and spatial perspectives. The data were analyzed with ENVI-met and Arcgis software. Then, the optimum campus square water body layout mode was concluded. The results show that: (1) The scale, dispersion, and shape of the water body has a significant effect on the campus temperature and humidity, while the effect on wind speed is not significant. (2) From the cooling and humidifying effect, the ranking of the regulating ability of the water body layout factors is scale > shape > dispersion; the ranking of the influence range is shape > scale > dispersion. (3) When the boundary of the square is determined, the optimum water body layout mode is that the water body area accounts for 36% of the total square area. The shape of the water body is concentrated and not dispersed square. When the water body layout is determined, the optimum layout mode of the boundary is length:width = 1:2.
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