The functionality of soybeans is an important factor in the selection and utilization of excellent soybean cultivars, and isoflavones are representative functional substances in soybeans, which exhibit effects on antioxidants, estrogen activity, and cancer, and prevent cardiovascular diseases. This study analyzed ABTS, DPPH, estrogen, ER (ER) alpha, UCP-1, and NO inhibition activities in 48 types of soybean cultivars, as well as the relationship with 19 isolated types of individual isoflavone derivatives. Statistical analysis was conducted to find individual isoflavone derivatives affecting physiological activities, revealing the high correlation of three types of derivatives: genistein 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)glucoside (6″-O-acetylgenistin), genistein 7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside, and glycitein. Based on these results, 15 types of soybean cultivars were selected (one control type, seven yellow types, six black types, and one green type), which have both high physiological activities and a high content of individual isoflavone derivatives. In addition, these high correlations were further verified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine the association between activities, substances, and genetic characteristics. This study comprehensively describes the relationship between the specific physiological activities of soybean resources, individual isoflavone derivative substances, and SNPs, which will be utilized for in-depth research, such as selection of excellent soybean resources with specific physiological activities.
This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of a pear (Fructus Pyri Pyrifoliae) extract fermented by lactic-acid bacteria on obesity induced by a high-fat diet in rats. Bodyweight measurement, blood analysis, and light microscope observation of adipose tissue in liver and epididymis were conducted after 8 weeks. Gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in liver cells were also investigated. Compared to CON, PFA and PFB showed 8% weight reduction along with weight reduction of adipose tissue in liver and epididymis. Observing the microstructure of liver cells showed that lipid droplets were smaller in PFA and PFB than in CON. We confirmed that Fructus Pyri Pyrifoliae extract fermented by lactic-acid bacteria can affect gene expression of leptin, adiponectin, and TNF-α in liver cells, showing an obesity treatment effect. From the results above, it was observed that weight gain from increased gene expression in adipose cells as well as from the increased proportion of adipose cells caused by a high-fat diet can be statistically significantly reduced by taking Fructus Pyri Pyrifoliae extract fermented by lactic-acid bacteria. Therefore, Fructus Pyri Pyrifoliae extract fermented by lacticacid bacteria can be effective for preventing and treating obesity by reducing weight and adipose cells.
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate value differences among Gastrodiae Rhizoma samples(GM, GC, G1, G2 and G3) in various characteristics as well as to provide basic guideline for various processes such as steaming and drying of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Methods : Gastrodiae Rhizoma were steamed and dried at different temperature and times. They were divided into samples (GM; cultivated, steamed and dried in Muju, GC; cultivated and dried in China, G1; steamed and dried at 55℃ for 60 hours, G2; steamed and dried at 55℃ for 120 hours, G3; steamed and dried at 70℃ for 120 hours) for experiment. They were extracted using water, freeze dried and powdered to analyze gastrodin content, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation.Results : Proximate composition and the amount of free sugars of Gastrodiae Rhizoma had a little bit differences. Phenolic and flavonoid content of samples were increased by increasing drying temperature and times. Gastrodin content had different values by drying method and G3 was the highest in comparison with others. Increasing drying times led to a increasing in radical and nitrate scavenging activity in samples. Regarding to sensory evaluation, G3 was selected as the best sample according to its highest hedonic score mean (6.11/7) among all samples for appearance, color, flavor, overall acceptability. Conclusions : The results indicated that G3 sample was effective in views of antioxidant activity, gastrodin content and sensory characteristics. Moreover, Gastrodiae Rhizoma cultivated in Korea were investigated with higher antioxidant activity, gastrodin content and sensory characteristics than those cultivated in China.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the legume intake of Korean adults. Methods To conduct this study, the subjects(total 86,222) who participated in the dietary intake survey (24 h recall method) were analyzed from the data of the 1998∼2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). 24-hour dietary recall data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess legume intake for different daily meal/cooking locations. Results In the last 20 years, legume intake of Korean adults has increased by 2.3 g from 33.8 g in 1998 to 36.1 g in 2018. However, the ratio of legume intake from total food intake decreased by 0.3% from 2.7% in 1998 to 2.4% in 2018. This can be seen as a decrease in legume intake as a whole food variety. In particular, male decreased 0.4% from 2.8% in 1998 to 2.4% in 2018, while female in the same period decreased 0.1% from 2.5% in 1998 to 2.4% in 2018. Conclusions Legume, as a whole, contain many healthy ingredients, such as isoflavones and genistein, and are rich in vegetable proteins. Increasing consumption of these legumes requires dietary education and recipe development. Funding Sources This research was funded by Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea (Project No. PJ01417202).
Background: This study was undertaken to analyze 20-year trend regarding the lipid intake of Korean adults according to general characteristics, dietary behavior, food groups, and the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), using KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data. Methods: This study selected adults who participated in the 24-hour recall method to investigate the trend of lipid intake for the 20-year period from 1998 to 2018 of the KNHANES. A total of 86,222 individuals with adults aged 19 and over were included in the study. Results: The lipid intake increased significantly in all individuals (+7.34g), men (+9.71g), and women (+4.93g) (p for trend<0.001) from the first to the seventh term. The lipid ratio contributed to energy increased significantly in all individuals (+3.52% percentage points), men (+3.12% percentage points), and women (+3.90% percentage points) over the 20-year period (p for trend<0.001). Lipid intake increased significantly overall as well as by sex, age, residential area, education level (except below 12 years of education), and presence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased over the 20-year period. Total plant and animal lipid intake has increased over the 20-year period from 1998 to 2018. Specifically, the ratio of lipid intake from potatoes, sugars, seeds and nuts, seaweed, beverages, meats, eggs, dairy products, and other animal foods has increased, while that from grains, beans, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, fish and shellfish, and animal fats has decreased. Conclusions: The results of this study will aid in the preparation of basic data for nutrition policy and proper nutrition and dietary education with the aim of improving the diets of Koreans nationwide.
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