Light-induced brown film (BF) formation by the vegetative mycelium of Lentinula edodes is important for ensuring the quantity and quality of this edible mushroom. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotype is still unclear. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis of mycelial BF formation in L. edodes was performed. Seventy-three protein spots with at least a twofold difference in abundance on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) maps were observed, and 52 of them were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS). These proteins were classified into the following functional categories: small molecule metabolic processes (39%), response to oxidative stress (5%), and organic substance catabolic processes (5%), followed by oxidation-reduction processes (3%), single-organism catabolic processes (3%), positive regulation of protein complex assembly (3%), and protein metabolic processes (3%). Interestingly, four of the proteins that were upregulated in response to light exposure were nucleoside diphosphate kinases. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic analysis of the mechanism of BF formation in L. edodes. Our data will provide a foundation for future detailed investigations of the proteins linked to BF formation.
The Chinese government has launched a guideline for carbon emissions up to the peak (CEUP) in the 2030 target. The electric power sector has to make its own contributions to the national CO2 emissions mitigation target. In this study, a patron–client interactive optimized (PCIO) model is proposed to investigate the regional energy–water–carbon nexus optimization under the policy background of the CEUP target. Inner Mongolia, the largest energy base in China, which is also facing the prominent contradiction including the energy production and serious environmental problems, is chosen as a case study. Multiple uncertainties, including the fuel price uncertainty and output of the wind and solar power, are considered to make the optimization process more realistic. Results show that coal-fired power will gradually be substituted by the gas, wind, and solar power in Inner Mongolia to reach the CEUP target. The CO2 capture and storage technology and air-cooling systems will play important roles, especially under the strict water policy scenario. However, the achievement of the CEUP and water-saving target will be at the expense of high system costs. The PCIO model makes it possible for the decision-maker to make flexible strategies to balance the CEUP target and saving system costs. The results have demonstrated the validity of the PCIO model in addressing the hierarchical programming problems.
Considering the electricity price's volatility and various elements which affect the price in the electricity market, the paper presents hybrid model for the day-ahead electricity market clearing price forecasting. The paper adopts autoregressive moving average (ARMAX) model to reveal the linear relationship between power load and electricity price; the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to reveal the heteroskedasticity properties of residual. Simultaneously the paper presents the inexactness and irrationality that modeling by the historical data long ago to forecast the price with the change of the time, then presents the rolling forecast that constantly using the latest data to modeling the ARMAX-AR-GARCH model. To reveal the nonlinear relationship between power load and electricity price, the paper adopts least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). Using the proposed method, the day-ahead electricity prices of California electricity market are forecasted, prediction results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
A NiH‐catalyzed migratory hydroalkylation of alkenyl amines with predictable and switchable regioselectivity is reported. By utilizing a ligand‐controlled, directing group‐assisted strategy, various alkyl units are site‐selectively installed at inert sp3 C−H sites far away from the original C=C bonds. A range of structurally diverse α‐ and β‐branched protected amines are conveniently synthesized via stabilization of 5‐ and 6‐membered nickelacycles respectively. This method exhibits broad scope and high functional group tolerance, and can be applied to late‐stage modification of medicinally relevant molecules.
This paper analyze the relativity of water resources utilization in Minqin and social economic sustainable development adopting optimal multiple regressions. The results show that: 1There is remarkable correlation between the economic growth and the demand of water resources. On condition that the sustainable development of economy is satisfied, the growth of rural population is a huge pressure on water resources. It is an appropriate measure to coordinate the environmental protection and social economic development that reducing the consumption of water for rural population or accelerating the process of urbanization and developing forestry and animal husbandry. 2) Increasing urban population and developing industry and modern farming can promote our economic growth at the same time reduce the pressure on water resources significantly. 3) 97.5% of the variation in the total water requirement of Minqin is caused by two variables animal husbandry output value and rural population. So the major routes of rational utilization of water resources and the sustainable development of social economy in Minqin are reducing the consumption of water for rural population constantly or accelerating the process of urbanization and optimizing animal husbandry industry further.
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