The two oxidation states of ceria nanoparticles, Ce and Ce , play a pivotal role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, Ce is largely responsible for removing O and OH that are associated with inflammatory response and cell death. The synthesis is reported of 2 nm ceria-zirconia nanoparticles (CZ NPs) that possess a higher Ce /Ce ratio and faster conversion from Ce to Ce than those exhibited by ceria nanoparticles. The obtained Ce Zr O (7CZ) NPs greatly improve ROS scavenging performance, thus regulating inflammatory cells in a very low dose. Moreover, 7CZ NPs are demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality and systemic inflammation in two representative sepsis models. These findings suggest that 7CZ NPs have the potential as a therapeutic nanomedicine for treating ROS-related inflammatory diseases.

A total of 4961 patients with stroke were admitted to Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between July 2007 and July 2013. Among them, the authors collected analyzable cases using the following inclusion criteria, such as (1) arrived within 48 hours after Background and Purpose-Early neurological deterioration (END) occurs in ≥20% of single small subcortical infarctions (SSSIs; axial diameter ≤20 mm in the perforator territories) and deters functional recovery. Both microvasculopathies and atherosclerosis have been proposed to independently contribute to the occurrence of END in SSSI cases. We hypothesized that the occurrence of END in SSSIs differs according to the pathological process. Methods-We collected data from 587 patients with SSSI within 48 hours of onset from a prospective stroke registry containing 4961 case records. Independent reviewers, blinded to END information, rated neuroimaging characteristics, including relevant artery stenosis (0% to 50% stenosis of the adjacent arteries on magnetic resonance angiography), branch atheromatous lesions (≥4 consecutive axial cuts or extensions from the basal surface of the pons), white matter hyperintensities, old lacunar infarctions, and cerebral microbleeds. Results-END occurred in 79 (13.5%) cases, including 6 recurrences, 68 progressions, 1 symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, 1 others, and 3 unknowns. END increased the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score by 2.3±1.4 points. Patients with END showed higher frequencies of modified Rankin Scale scores of 3 to 6 after 3 months compared with patients without END (49% versus 23%). Patients with relevant artery stenosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.21) and branch atheromatous lesions (adjusted odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.80-4.93) had significantly higher odds of exhibiting END. However, such an association was not detected with small vessel disease markers. Conclusions-Our analysis indicated a potential contribution of the localized atherosclerotic process to END in SSSIs.Precautionary measures might be used for Definition of Clinical InformationWe collected baseline demographic and clinical information for all study participants, including age, sex, body mass index, initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, history of previous stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension (previous use of antihypertensive medication, systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg at discharge), diabetes mellitus (previous use of glucose-lowering medication or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%), hyperlipidemia (previous use of lipid-lowering medication, fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >160 mg/dL, or fasting total cholesterol >240 mg/dL), and habitual smoking (current or past regular smoking). [18][19][20] We obtained laboratory information, including initial glucose level, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leukocyte count, h...

The aim of this study was to determine whether quantitative information obtained from [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) has a prognostic significance for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated (18)F-FDG PET imaging of 73 patients with NSCLC. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) was significantly different between the histopathological types of tumour (squamous cell carcinoma (n=37, 12.4+/-5.1), adenocarcinoma (n=30, 8.2+/-5.8), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (n=4, 2.6+/-1.7), <0.01). In the univariate analysis of all patients, staging (P=0.0001), tumour cell type (P=0.013), and a SUV(max) greater than 7 (P=0.0011) was correlated with survival. However, a multivariate analysis identified staging and SUV(max) greater than 7 were affected survival adversely. The mortality rate of patients with group I disease (stage I to stage IIIA) was 5.8 times lower than that of patients with group II disease (stage IIIB to stage IV). Patients with a high SUV(max) (> or =7) had a 6.3 times higher mortality than those with a low SUV(max)(<7). By multivariate analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, only grouping affected survival (P=0.008, relative risk=4.3). In the case of adenocarcinoma, the SUV(max) (>10) correlated exclusively with poorer survival (P=0.031, relative risk=11.152). (18)F-FDG uptake correlated with survival in NSCLC. Especially in adenocarcinomas, the SUV(max) was complementary to other known prognostic factors.