Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), which is a kidney injury produced by a variety of causes, resulting in the remaining portion of the kidney function being unable to maintain the balance for performing the tasks of waste excretion metabolism, and electrolyte and acid-base balance. Many studies have reported the use of Chinese medicine to slow down the progression and alleviate the complications of chronic renal failure. Chrysophanol is a component of Rheum officinale Baill, a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used to treat renal disease. We aimed to study the nephroprotective effect of chrysophanol on hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell damage. The results showed that chrysophanol prevented H/R-induced apoptosis via downregulation of cleaved Caspase-3, p-JNK, and Bax but upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, chrysophanol attenuated H/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the downregulation of CHOP and p-IRE1α expression. Our data demonstrated that chrysophanol alleviated H/R-induced lipid ROS accumulation and ferroptosis. Therefore, we propose that chrysophanol may have a protective effect against AKI by regulating apoptosis, ER stress, and ferroptosis.
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by persistent abnormalities in urinary function, structural abnormalities, or impaired excretory functions that indicate the loss of functional nephrons. Cardiovascular disease and death are the most common complications of chronic kidney disease. Once chronic kidney disease is established, treatment has proven ineffective. Therefore, research efforts should be devoted to uncovering early disease mechanisms and alternative treatment options. Traditionally, garlic has been used as a pharmacological agent, especially when aged, in addition to its application as a food flavoring agent. Studies have suggested that garlic has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The effects of garlic on renal function have been summarized in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies.
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by persistent abnormalities in urinary function, structural abnormalities, or impaired excretory functions that indicate the loss of functional nephrons. Cardiovascular disease and death are the most common complications of chronic kidney disease. Once chronic kidney disease is established, treatment has proven ineffective. Therefore, research efforts should be devoted to uncovering early disease mechanisms and alternative treatment options. Traditionally, garlic has been used as a pharmacological agent, especially when aged, in addition to its application as a food flavoring agent. Studies have suggested that garlic has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The effects of garlic on renal function have been summarized in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies.
6-MSITC (Methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate) is a bioactive compound found in wasabi that contains anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antioxidative properties. In this article, we summarize and discuss the current studies on the role of 6-MSITC on inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis.
In this short letter to the editor, we have introduced and summarized the role of anti-angiogenesis, microRNA, and exosomes in cancer treatment strategies.
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