Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent in adolescents and young adults, leading to various psychiatric and physical complications that affect the quality of life and even mortality. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-esteem in the relationship of perfectionism and negative reactivity with EDs. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 302 students selected from the University of Tehran during 2018 - 2019. The data collection tools were the ED Examination-Questionnaire Short form, Self-esteem Scale, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire‑Short Form, ED Inventory-Perfectionism Scale, and Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that EDs had significant positive correlations with perfectionism (r = 0.4, P = 0.01) and general negative reactivity (r = 0.53, P = 0.01). On the other hand, these disorders had a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (r = -0.48, P = 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.53, P=0.01). Self-esteem had a negative significant relationship with perfectionism (r = -0.12, P = 0.05) and negative reactivity (r = -0.68, P = 0.01). Moreover, self-efficacy had a negative significant relationship with perfectionism (r = -0.28, P = 0.01) and negative reactivity (r = -0.5, P = 0.01). The findings of path analysis showed that self-esteem and self-efficacy played mediating roles in the relationship of negative reactivity and perfectionism with EDs. Negative reactivity directly affected eating pathology (t = 1.27, ß = 0.13) but is not significant. Conclusions: Our findings showed that self-esteem and self-efficacy are protective factors against the negative effects of perfectionism and negative reactivity. Therefore, self-esteem and self-efficacy can be considered as parts of prevention and treatment programs for EDs.
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus has caused fundamental changes in our way of life, leading to a wave of psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, including stress, anxiety, perceived threats, and fear. Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19, the present study was conducted with the aim of mediating the role of compassion in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of the present study was descriptive correlation. The present study population included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2020. Two hundred and fifty-one students were selected and completed the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Questionnaire, Compassion Scale, and COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation model were performed using SPSS version 18 and LISREL 8.8. RESULTS: The results showed that COVID-19 burnout had a positive and significant relationship with the overall score of anxiety syndrome (r = 0.42, P = 0.01), while it has a negative and significant relationship with compassion (r = −0.37, P = 0.01). Compassion also has a significant negative relationship with anxiety syndrome (r = −0.35, P = 0.01). In addition, the results of path analysis showed that compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 burnout. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that compassion acts as a protective factor against the negative effects of anxiety syndrome. Therefore, this factor can be considered in the development of prevention and treatment programs for burnout caused by COVID-19.
Aim of the study: The suicide risk in patients with eating disorders is 5-6 times higher than that of the general population. Due to the high likelihood of re-suicide in suicide survivors, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of the anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa among women who recently attempted suicide compared with suicide non-attempting women. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, two groups of 30 women aged 15-45-year-old were investigated after a suicide attempt. Case group was admitted to the Razi Hospital poisoning ward and the control group was admitted to other wards of the hospital. Data were collected using the EAT-26 questionnaire and a clinical interview based on the SCID-V. Finally, the results were analyzed using the SPSS version 21. Results: The both groups' mean age was 26.96± 6.3 and 27.2±7.16 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in age, employment status, marital status, and education level between the two groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of both disorders did not show a significant interaction with demographic characteristics. The average prevalence of both disorders among the case group was 32.78±8.1 and 37.42±7.21, respectively, and was significantly different in women who had recently attempted suicide compared to their counterparts (p <0.05). Discussion: Our findings are consistent with all previously conducted studies. Conclusion: The prevalence of these disorders was significantly higher in women who had recently committed suicide compared to the control group (p <0.05), although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of both disorders with other sociodemographic factors. women, 15 to 45 years, age group, anorexia nervosa (an), bulimia nervosa (bn), suicide
Background: Because of the long duration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people may suffer greatly from the common burnout caused by this virus. Objectives: Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19, this study investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS). Methods: The Persian version of the COVID-19-BS was prepared through forward translation, reconciliation, and back-translation. The method of the study was descriptive (psychometric). The statistical population included all students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from October 2020 to October 2021. Using the convenience sampling method, 251 students were selected. All participants completed the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS), the Compassion Scale (CS), and the COVID-19-BS. Convergent validity, divergent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and LISREL 8.5 software. Results: The findings supported the single-factor structure of COVID-19-BS and a good internal consistency of the scale. Internal consistency obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method for the total score of C-19ASS was 0.72, indicating a good internal consistency. The COVID-19-BS had a positive and significant correlation with the C-19ASS (P = 0.01, r = 0.37) and a negative and significant correlation with the CS (P = 0.01, r = -0.41), indicating the convergent and divergent validity of this scale (P
Introduction: Neuroticism is a personality trait that is most related to the mental health challenges. Escitalopram is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS) that are usually used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of escitalopram on improving the temperament traits on the neurotic patients. Methods: In this randomized placebo controlled trial, 172 residents in three hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran were randomly assigned to receive esitalopram 20 mg/daily/ orally (No=86, 29.9 ± 6.4 years with a range of 20 to 48 years old) or placebo (N=86, 29.8+6.3 years, ranged 21-47 years old) for 4 weeks.. At the beginning of the treatment the neuroticism and deoression scores were measured using NEO-60 and HAM-D questionnaires, and the patients were re-evaluated every two weeks during the treatment. The changes of temperament traits of neuroticism and depression in the two groups were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Administration of escitalopram in the treatment group reduced the neuroticism score 5.84 % and 13.3% after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, compared with placebo group (P<0.01). The changes in neuroticism temperament traits were not significant in placebo group during 4 weeks (P<0.05).
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