BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent epistaxis (nose bleeds), mucosal telangiectasias (spider veins), and arteriovenous malformations. Although HHT affects all racial groups, few studies have explored racial disparities among patients with HHT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of HHT patients who were seen at a single academic center between July 1, 2014 and January 1, 2022. The primary outcomes of this study were the Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) and the presence of pulmonary, cerebral, gastrointestinal, spinal, and hepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We analyzed racial differences using t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables, and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. We then performed multivariable linear and logistic regressions on outcomes.ResultsOur review identified 35 Asian, 6 Black or African American, 72 Hispanic or Latino, and 244 White or Caucasian patients who met the inclusion criteria. Through an analysis of variance model, race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with ESS. Two univariable logistic regression models between race and both pulmonary and brain AVMs showed that race was associated with the incidence of pulmonary AVMs (p<0.01), with Asian patients at a 2.3-fold increased risk of pulmonary AVMs compared with White patients (p=0.03). Race was also associated with the incidence of cerebral AVMs (p<0.01) with Hispanic or Latino patients at a 4.8-fold increased risk compared with White patients (p<0.01).ConclusionPatients who identified as Asian may have higher rates of pulmonary AVMs while patients identifying as Hispanic or Latino may have more cerebral AVMs. The correlations may be important for identifying risk factors in certain patient populations.
BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent epistaxis, telangiectasias, and visceral arteriovenous malformations. Individuals with HHT often identify low humidity and temperature as detrimental to epistaxis severity. We set out to assess the relationship between humidity and temperature on epistaxis severity in patients with HHT.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study at an academic hospital with an HHT center between July 1, 2014 and January 1, 2022. The primary outcome of this study was ESS. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to test the association between weather variables and epistaxis severity scre (ESS). Results were reported as coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFour hundred twenty‐nine patients were included in the analysis. Through a Pearson correlation analysis, neither humidity (regression coefficient = −0.01; 95% CI, −0.006 to 0.003; p = 0.50), daily low temperature (regression coefficient = 0.01; 95% CI, −0.011 to 0.016; p = 0.72), or daily high temperature (regression coefficient = 0.01; 95% CI, −0.004 to 0.013; p = 0.32) were significantly correlated with ESS. In a multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for both daily low temperature and humidity, medications taken, demographics, and genotype, neither daily low temperature (regression coefficient = −0.02; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.01; p = 0.14) nor humidity (regression coefficient = 0.01; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.01; p = 0.64) were significantly associated with ESS.ConclusionWe have shown in a large clinical sample that neither humidity nor temperature were strongly correlated with HHT patient epistaxis severity.
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