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The reduction of weight elements is considered as a major objective of several manufacturing companies. This objective will help in growing application sections of the used fiber composites for important structural elements. Modern fiber metal laminate (FML) having lightweight properties is established to be used instead of other substances in different applications including those related to the aerospace industrial sector. Fiber metal laminate is being deemed as an alternative significant substance that is being extensively explored due to its operation, unlike other current materials. There are different profitable FML such as GLARE (glass-reinforced aluminum laminate), established on elevated intensity ARALL glass fibers (aramid-reinforced aluminum laminate), built on fibers of aramid, in addition to CARALL (carbon-reinforced aluminum laminate), centered on fibers of carbon. This paper analyzes important information that contributes to the mechanical characteristics of FMLs under tensile, flexure, impact, etc. conditions.

Titanium and its alloys are widely utilized in the biomedical sector, they still exhibit poor tribological properties and low wear resistance when employed against even weaker substances. The poor hardness, instability, high coefficient of friction, low load-carrying capacity, and insufficient resistance to not only abrasive but also adhesive wear are further disadvantages of titanium alloys. The focus of this investigation is on the tribological performance of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy in contact with WC carbide abrasive balls when subjected to nanodoped cooling and lubrication conditions. Tribological experiments were executed on Ti-6Al-4 V flat samples using a ball-on-flat tribometer in dry hybrid graphene/boron nitride combination nanoparticles (MQL, nano-3), nanographene with MQL (nano-1), and boron nitride with MQL (nano-2) conditions. After that, the most significant tribological characteristics were investigated, including volume loss, friction coefficient, wear rate, and micrographic structures. The outcomes also demonstrated that the hybrid nanoparticle situation experienced the least amount of volume loss.

In order to avoid traffic problems in developed countries, railway vehicles play an important role. Passengers, railway workers, goods, cargo utilization, and dangerous materials are being transferred using various railway vehicles, and each vehicle is designed for a specific manner. Such vehicles include different locomotives that work on either electric or diesel power, in addition to different wagons and carriages attached to these locomotives (passenger wagons, sleeping wagons, freight wagons, and several other types, etc.). Railway vehicles run on railroad tracks, these tracks are designed and maintained by specific machines (diagnostic machines, road renewal machines, ballast screening, tamping and regulating machines, etc.). Several methods are applied when coupling wagons or carriages to each other (automatic coupling, semi-automatic traction, and hook clutch drawbar) depending on vehicle type and function. Railroad vehicles are considered a safe transportation system compared to other systems because they use buffers and bumpers to ensure safety. This paper mounts a minor review of railway vehicles, machines used to make railroads, coupling systems, bumpers and, buffers used to ensure railway vehicle’s safety, and also focuses on the previous studies conducted to enhance such bumpers and lessen collision effects.