A 54-year-old male presented with possible sepsis and elevated serum lactic acid (LA) of 18.7 mmol/L. Despite the sepsis treatment protocol and the management of other causes of type A lactic acidosis, his LA remained elevated. Herein, we present a case of type B lactic acidosis in the setting of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The proposed mechanisms of persistent lactic acidosis in malignancy are highlighted in this case report.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in adults. S treptococcus pneumoniae is the most commonly identified pathogen in CAP whereas Legionella pneumophilia is infrequently identified in CAP. Although co-infections have been previously described, the presence of both pneumococcus and legionella together is rare. We present a patient with positive urinary antigens for both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophilia serogroup 1, indicating an unusual co-infection.

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Hepatic infarction is rare due to the unique dual hepatic blood supply from the hepatic artery and the portal vein. Herein, we report a case of hepatic infarction that occurred as a complication of acute pancreatitis. The patient was a 58-year-old male with past medical history of chronic alcoholism, who presented with epigastric abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Hepatic infarction was diagnosed with computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast, which revealed suspicion of splenic vein thrombosis and peripancreatic fat stranding along with a wedge-shaped, peripheral hypo density in the right hepatic lobe with typical morphology for hepatic infarction.

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A 75-year-old woman with a 50-pack-year history of tobacco abuse presented with abdominal pain, encephalopathy and elevated liver enzymes. Serologic evaluation for viral hepatitis, drug levels and chronic liver disease panel was negative. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed hepatomegaly and a large area of decreased attenuation in the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver which was also demonstrated on the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. CT of the chest was significant for a 1.4 cm left peripheral lingular nodule. Hepatic mass biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma (SCC), favoring lung primary. She had persistent liver failure with encephalopathy, coagulopathy and elevated liver enzymes during her hospital stay. Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by liver damage, encephalopathy and coagulopathy in patients without any prior history of liver disease. Although malignant infiltration has been described as a cause of ALF, SCC of the lung is an uncommon etiology.

Hypoplastic asymmetry due to hemifacial microsomia (HFM) often represents the most difficult reconstruction in the craniomaxillofacial clinic. Although autogenous grafts are generally used for temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR), the use of TMJR prostheses is not well established. The aim of this review was to identify, collect and analyse the use of extended TMJR (eTMJR) prostheses in patients with HFM, describing clinical features, surgical procedures and postoperative complications. Online searches of all major databases were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies with HFM patients treated with the eTMJR prostheses were included. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 19 studies, including 08 case studies, 06 case series and 05 retrospective cohort studies, met the inclusion criteria, where a total of 42 HFM patients were reported from 18 countries, mostly from the United States (05; 26%). Fifteen of the 42 cases (~36%) were male. The mean ± SD (range) age of patients in all studies was 19.79 ± 5.81 (9‐36) years. The mean ± SD (range) of patient follow‐up was 41.30 ± 35.50 (6‐136) months. A total of 5 (10.6%) patients were implanted with bilateral eTMJR prostheses. The Pruzansky classification was used in 18 (~89.5%) studies, OMENS classification in 01 (~5%) study, whereas no classification was reported in one study. Only 01 (7.1%) study had documented the eTMJR classification for the prosthesis used. In growing patients with or without a history of failed autogenous tissues, TMJR prostheses may provide a viable alternative. Randomized studies with large cohorts are warranted to validate these preliminary results.

A 54-year-old male presented with possible sepsis and elevated serum lactic acid (LA) of 18.7 mmol/L. Despite the sepsis treatment protocol and the management of other causes of type A lactic acidosis, his LA remained elevated. Herein, we present a case of type B lactic acidosis in the setting of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The proposed mechanisms of persistent lactic acidosis in malignancy are highlighted in this case report.