Reactive species are produced in biological system because of redox reactions. The imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis leads to the production of toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species like hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Inactivation of metabolic enzymes, oxidation of biomolecules and cellular damage are some of the prominent characteristics of reactive species. Similarly, oxidative stress has been associated with more than one hundred (100) pathologies such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatic and liver diseases, joint disorders, cardiac fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neurological diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disorder, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease), ageing and cancer etc. The toxicity of reactive species is balanced by the integrated antioxidant systems, which include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant therapies or defenses protect the biological sites by removing or quenching the free radicals (prooxidants). Medicinal plants can not only protect the oxidative damage, but also play a vital role in health maintenance and prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. This review will provide a valuable discussion of one hundred (100) well known medicinal plants, which may add to the optimization of antioxidants rank. Besides, some of the antioxidant evaluation techniques or mechanisms via which medicinal plants act as antioxidants are also described.
The multi-dimensional information identified herein supports the role of oxidative stress in various psychiatric disorders. We discuss the results from the perspective of developing novel therapeutic interventions.
Background:
Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical
impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species
mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater
quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal
mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, neuronal membranes have
polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are predominantly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). OS is
the imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant potential.
This may lead to various pathological conditions and diseases, especially neurodegenerative
diseases such as, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases.
Objectives:
In this study, we explored the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
We used different search terms like “oxidative stress and neurological disorders” “free
radicals and neurodegenerative disorders” “oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological
disorders” and “association of oxidative stress with the name of disorders taken from the list of
neurological disorders. We tried to summarize the source, biological effects, and physiologic
functions of ROS.
Results:
Finally, it was noted that more than 190 neurological disorders are associated with
oxidative stress.
The preparation of a stable, efficient, inexpensive and high capacitance electrode material for supercapacitors is posing great challenges for the researchers. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of stable,...
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