Due to academic labor process, the working conditions of universities are changing means now the working conditions of universities are becoming standardized. This research paper is qualitative in which researchers tried to explore the concepts that making the academic labor process hectic day by day in the context of Pakistani universities. The aim of this study is to explore that what is the effect of this changing working environment on the lecturers. The convenience sampling method based on self-administrated questionnaires is used to evaluate the effect of different variables on the academic labor process and data collected from the lecturers through interview. Concept analysis technique is used for discussion and conclusion. After all research, researchers came to know that HEC policies have a negative effect on university autonomy because according to HEC policies they want more research work in a less time which depressed the lecturers and they create a bad research work. Working conditions also have a bad impact on research work because lecturers are unable to do their work attentively. So, if the workload increases lecturers are unable to do their work properly. Incentives and bonuses play a motivational role to motivate lecturers to work well. Based on the results of this study, researchers suggest to universities that they give the autonomy to their lecturers, so they work with full devotion. And separate the teaching and research work and give the lecturers a good working environment.
The purpose of this study is to explore the financial aspects of McDonald's success as a market leader despite of the global recession and tough competition offered by Yum brands. Financial ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and DuPont analysis are applied for 9 years financial data of McDonald's. And it is discovered that efficient operations, strong short and long term solvency position, high profitability, highly loyal customer, broader network expansion and the value adding menu are major factors of its success. But it has to improve its asset utilization efficiency to remain No. 1 in highly competitive fast food industry. The expected learning outcomes of this case study is to illustrate the success factors, particularly in financial terms which provides a strong base for a business organization to maintain its competitive position & leadership. The readers are expected to be able to get an understanding of the following terms at the completion of this study: an understanding of calculation and interpretation of basic financial ratios and its implications for financial managers, investors and creditors; the significance of various financial analysis for a business organization, the importance of understanding the external business environment and how that environment poses threats as well as new opportunities for the businesses operating in it. This case study is designed for the students of BBA/MBA and helpful in the courses of corporate finance and financial reporting analysis.
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