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Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic, intense itching, and eczematous lesions affecting about 25% of children and 2% to 3% of adults worldwide. Abrocitinib is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase-1 (JAK1) enzyme inhibiting the inflammatory process. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of abrocitinib for moderate-to-severe AD. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and EczemATrials till Feb 1, 2021, for reliable trials. The analysis was conducted using an inverse-variance method. The results were pooled as mean difference/event rate and 95% confidence interval. Results. Abrocitinib 100 mg and 200 mg were associated with higher IGA response, EASI-50% responders, EASI-75% responders, EASI-90% responders, number of participants with at least 4-point improvements in NRS, and quality of life measured by DLQI and CDLQI than placebo. Also, 100 mg and 200 mg were associated with lower SCORAD index, %BSA, PSAAD index, and POEM index than placebo. Abrocitinib 100 mg and 200 mg were not associated with adverse events such as upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, dermatitis, atopic, any serious adverse events, and death. Conclusion. Abrocitinib in dose 100 mg or 200 mg is an effective, well-tolerated, and promising drug in treating patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. However, the analysis favored the efficacy of abrocitinib 200 mg over 100 mg, but side effects such as nausea and headache are likely to occur more with 200 mg.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Many pharmaceutical, surgical, and complementary medical interventions are used for primary dysmenorrhea treatment. However, no consensus has been reached about the most effective intervention. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare the efficacy and safety of IV tramadol versus IV paracetamol in relieving acute pain of primary dysmenorrhea. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital and included 100 patients between 18 and 35 years old diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. Patients received either 1-g paracetamol or 100-mg tramadol in 100-mL normal saline as an IV infusion over 10 min. Pain intensity was measured by using a visual analog scale at 15, 30, 60 min, and 2 h. We recorded drug side effects and requirements for rescue analgesics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Pain scores were significantly lower in the tramadol group compared with the paracetamol group at 15, 30, 60 min, and 2 h (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Fewer patients in the tramadol group needed rescue analgesics compared with the paracetamol group (<i>p</i> = 0.04). No significant differences were reported in side effects between both groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> IV tramadol is superior to IV paracetamol in relieving acute pain of primary dysmenorrhea with a comparable side effect profile.

BackgroundTicagrelor and clopidogrel are antiplatelet drugs that act by binding to the adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor. Previous studies have compared between them regarding the endothelial function effect.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to summarize the evidence comparing the efficacy of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in improving endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsIn August 2021, the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched systematically for eligible trials. We included randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in improving endothelial function in patients with CAD.ResultsSeven trials (n = 511) were included in our systematic review. Ticagrelor resulted in a greater elevation of the level of progenitor cells CD34+ KDR+ and CD34+ 133+ (P = 0.036 and P = 0.019, respectively), with a lower rate of endothelial cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.001). Moreover, ticagrelor showed superiority regarding nitric oxide, radical oxygen species, and soluble P-selectin levels (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, and P = 0.019, respectively). Flow-mediated dilation findings differed between the studies (P = 0.004 vs. P = 0.39).ConclusionTicagrelor appears to exert an additional improvement in endothelial function compared with clopidogrel in patients with coronary heart disease.

Background Abdominal binder is a non‐pharmacological method of relieving pain after surgical procedures. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of the abdominal binder in relieving pain and distress scores after cesarean delivery (CD). Search strategy The following terms were searched: cesarean section, cesarean, caesarean, abdominal deliveries, C‐section, abdominal delivery, abdominal binding, binder, and abdominal binder. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with patients undergoing CD receiving an abdominal binder compared with non‐users of the abdominal binder. Data collection and analysis Five electronic databases were searched until November 2019. Records were screened for eligibility. Data were extracted independently and analyzed. The main outcomes were pain and distress scores. Results The final analysis included six RCTs. Overall effect estimate favored the abdominal binder group over the control group in the following outcomes: VAS pain scores after 24 h (mean difference [MD] −1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.14 to −0.39; P = 0.01), VAS scores after 48 h (MD −1.21; 95% CI −1.51 to −0.90; P < 0.001), distress score after 24 h (MD −1.87; 95% CI −3.01 to −0.73; P = 0.001), and distress score after 48 h (MD −1.87; 95% CI −3.07 to −0.67; P = 0.002). Conclusion The abdominal binder could be an effective, simple, non‐pharmacological option of relieving pain and distress after CD.

To summarize the findings from literature regarding the prevalence of plagiarism and its various types, knowledge, and attitudes of students toward plagiarism, factors associated with plagiarism, and the applied interventions to decrease the incidence of plagiarism. Background: Plagiarism is a major form of academic dishonesty practiced by students at all educational levels. Introduction: Academic dishonesty was defined as any unauthorized help that adds to students' formal academic performance. These dishonest behaviors can be categorized as falsifying information, hiding errors, collaborating with colleagues when not allowed, and plagiarism. Methods: Systematic search of databases was conducted in September 2021 to identify studies that discussed plagiarism in nursing studies. We included 31 studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis, with a total of 9,175 nursing students. The analysis was conducted using RevMan software. Results: Plagiarism was the most frequent academic misconduct among nursing students (practiced by 55.3%). Paraphrasing without referencing was the most practiced form (39.53%), while submitting others' work without acknowledgment was the least one (9.61%). Most students were aware of the concept of plagiarism (80.8%) and had positive ethical attitudes toward it (88.26%). Plagiarism was negatively associated with age, parenting, and completing semester credits. However, it was positively correlated with average grades and liberal educators. Plagiarism was a significant predictor of clinical misconduct. Discussion: A gap in the students' knowledge and skills were noticed. These gaps may be contributing to the high occurrence of plagiaristic acts, besides the unethical attitudes. Conclusion: Plagiarism is a serious academic misconduct practice that can be associated with subsequent clinical misconduct. There is a need to fill the knowledge and skills gap, and to set effective policies. Implication for nursing and health policy: In their attempts to eliminate plagiarism, nurse educators are encouraged to provide effective educational training and practical tasks, in order to fill the gaps in knowledge and skills. Additionally, implementing clear and effective punishment policies would prevent intentional plagiaristic acts. This would aid in introducing qualified nurses accountable for the health of patients.

Daridorexant is a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist used in treating insomnia disorder. Daridorexant improves sleep quality without impairing daytime functioning. We assess the safety and efficacy of this novel drug in the treatment of insomnia. We performed a systematic search for electronic databases in SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library. Seven randomized controlled trials were included in this review, with 2425 participants enrolled. Daridorexant was superior to placebo in reducing wake time after sleep onset (MD = −13.26; 95% CI, −15.48 to −11.03; P < 0.00001), latency to persistent sleep (MD = −7.23; 95% CI, −9.60 to −4.85; P < 0.00001), with increasing the total sleep time (MD = 14.80; 95% CI, 11.18–18.42; P < 0.00001) and subjective total sleep time (MD = 14.80; 95% CI, 11.18–18.42], P < 0.00001). The 25 mg and 50 mg were the most officious doses. Treatment with daridorexant has resulted in a slightly higher incidence of adverse events [risk ratio (RR) = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.35;, P = 0.005], specifically somnolence (RR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13–3.23; P = 0.005) and fatigue (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.21–3.36; P = 0.007). Daridorexant is superior to placebo in improving sleep quality. However, the drug resulted in a slightly higher incidence of adverse events, including somnolence and fatigue.

Background Liver abscesses differ in their aetiology, location, and number. Image‐guided percutaneous drainage techniques are the currently used management for liver abscesses. We conducted our study to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) to percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD). Methods A systematic review of major reference databases was undertaken in February 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare PNA to PCD in treating liver abscess patients. The quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Statistical meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan and open meta‐analyst software. Results Fifteen RCTs were included in this review, with 1676 patients enrolled. The overall quality of the included trials was moderate, with most domains of unclear risk. PCD was superior to PNA in the success rate (RR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.12, 1.36], P < 0.00001), time for achieving 50% reduction of cavity size (MD = −2.32; 95% CI [−3.07, −1.57], P < 0.00001), and time for clinical improvement (MD = −1.92; 95% CI [−2.55, −1.28], P < 0.00001). The two modalities did not differ in the days of hospital stay, duration of IV antibiotics, and time needed for total or subtotal reduction of cavity size (P = 0.36, P = 0.06 and P = 0.40, respectively). High heterogeneity levels were detected. Regarding major complications, the two modalities were equally safe (P = 0.39). Conclusion PCD has a higher success rate and results in a faster 50% reduction in the abscess cavity size and clinical improvement. The two modalities are equally safe.