Smokeless tobacco (ST), widely used in Pakistan, poses a high risk for oral cancer. Our hospital-based data illustrate that oropharyngeal cancer (9.9%) is the second leading malignancy after breast cancer (16.1%), and is significantly higher than in other Member States of the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Region. Urdu-speaking communities had a proportionately higher rate of oropharyngeal cancer (20.4%), followed by Balochis (19.9%), Sindhis (16.8%), Punjabis (11.7%) and Pashtuns (9.6%). Association of oropharyngeal cancer with ST use was four times higher relative to no history of tobacco use after adjusting for age, ethnicity and gender. Our findings also show a predominance of this cancer among males relative to females and one-third of the reported cases occurred among individuals under 40 years. These findings have significant social impact, indicating the need for urgent intervention against the use of ST. RÉSUMÉ Le tabac sans fumée, dont la consommation est largement répandue au Pakistan, induit un risque élevé de cancer de la cavité buccale. Les données obtenues auprès des hôpitaux montrent que le cancer oropharyngé est le deuxième cancer majeur (9,9 %) après le cancer du sein (16,1 %), avec un pourcentage nettement plus élevé que dans tout autre État Membre de la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale. Proportionnellement, les communautés parlant l'ourdou présentaient le taux de cancer oropharyngé le plus élevé (20,4 %), suivies par celles parlant le baloutchi (19,9 %), le sindhi (16,8 %), le pendjabi (11,7 %) et le pashto (9,6 %). Après ajustement des données en fonction de l'âge, de l'origine ethnique et du sexe, il a été constaté que les cancers oropharyngés étaient quatre fois plus fréquents chez les personnes qui consommaient du tabac sans fumée que chez celles qui n'avaient aucun antécédent de consommation de tabac. Nos résultats montrent également une prédominance de ce cancer chez les hommes. De plus, un tiers des cas signalés concernait des personnes de moins de 40 ans. Ces constats ont des répercussions sociales importantes et indiquent le besoin d'une intervention urgente contre la consommation de tabac sans fumée.‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫عرش‬ ‫السادس‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫اإلضاىف‬ ‫العدد‬ S25

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Micro-strip patch antenna has penetrated deep in the market due to its advantages. After studying micro patch antennas, there are some draw backs of it. One of the drawbacks includes the narrowband performance. The primary reason for this is its resonant nature. An E-shaped micro strip patch antenna is used for the broadband applications. This E-shaped antenna is used for the purpose of improving antenna shrinking and information measurement to name a few. This paper shows the detail study of Cowl's research by using 2 different aspects of micro strip patch antenna. The antenna operated at a frequency of 5GHz. Antennas used were single part narrow band rectangular micro strip patch antenna and slot cut E-shaped micro strip patch antenna. Simulation method included high frequency structure machine (HFSS). Different properties such as Cable loss, information measurement and VSWR were studied using both types of antennas. These properties were then compared between each other.

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