The professionals in the vertical and horizontal construction have tested methods to enhance the quality, safety, environmental impact, delivery time and cost control in their works promoted in learning organisations. Automation strategies applying robots and technology has been a focal point in industry of manufacture by its benefits in productivity levels and quality of works, and in some cases, without affecting other factors in a long-term period. The construction industry is playing a predominant economic heading in certain countries. Therefore, the adoption of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology as an automation strategy represent in short and long terms positive economic impact. UAS or drones have been used for cargo and data capturing in the built environment. Nowadays, the construction of infrastructures is the most benefited project from UAS implementations by gathering visual data of cracks, obstructions, energy levels, traffic and current conditions of the projects fulfilling the gap of human risks reduction, speed on data collection, and digitalisation of the real-world along with BIM. However, there is a breach in reliability and awareness on the UAS application cases in the infrastructure sector. The aim of this paper is to present the reasons and the application case of the UAS from the topography department of a Water Supply public organisation. The findings show that the UAS achieved a higher level of productivity and efficiency in the daily pre-construction works for designing pipelines. The case covers sewer identification and georeferencing in rural areas where the satellites were unavailable to show the state accurately. The tool used was an RTK DJI Phantom 4 to survey the site conditions in BIM format. The integration of UAS in BIM showed a higher level of productivity and efficiency in the employee's workflow in terms of data collection contrasting to old-fashion methods.
The field of Unmanned Aerial Systems or Drones is still under development by the challenges of regulation and technology readiness for certain applications. The application of emerging technologies and robotics incites the growth of productivity on repetitive and exhaustive tasks for human and represent a rapid solution for data collection methods. The UAS presents opportunities to contribute and carry out urban planning tasks in a reduced time and risks, and appropriately supportive for COVID-19. Therefore, a case study is presented to illustrate the process of UAS data collection and conclusions drawn for delimitating urban communities.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are tools for site recognition, 3D reconstruction, and inspections in risky areas. As manufacturers identify their multiple applications, significant improvements in hardware and software are made, transforming traditional workflows into a digital one. These workflows support the pre- and post-construction of buildings, houses, and infrastructures against the inflictions of natural or human-made disasters. In the Dominican Republic, the construction and maintenance of infrastructure projects are a continuous tasks carried out before natural events. However, the knowledge of “how”, the context, and effectiveness of the tool are still under development, generating techniques and approaches to solve problems easily and faster. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a case in which a human made landslide is evaluated utilising a UAV in contrast to complex site explorations. Three approaches were taken: (1) Images with GPS coordinates for infrastructure location, (2) 3D reconstruction for landslide site measurements and slope recognitions with contour lines, then, (3) videos of the site with 360° approach. 5 elements at risk were identified: houses, road, landslide zone, infrastructure proximity and school. The element evaluated was the landslide zone for identification of the cause. The findings showed that construction works of a bridge in the surroundings was the most remarkable factor that influenced the occurrence of a 60.82° and 52% slope in an average of the steep in the rotational landslide. Furthermore, the UAV was a useful tool for data acquisition.
Purpose The aim of this paper is to identify the business barriers that influence cost of implementing unmanned aerial system (UAS) and its suitability for a decentralised system. UAS, or drone, plays a role of data provider to architectural, engineering and construction professionals within a decentralised system. However, the expectations in the execution and test of the effectiveness of the UAS is often not met. The reasons for these fails are not well elaborated in the literature. Hence, the study investigates the barriers and cost analysis of UAS that can be used for a decentralised case, in which the UAS data are useful for multiple stakeholders, and provide illustration of the interactions within this approach. Design/methodology/approach This paper is part of a longitudinal project by using a qualitative method of interviewing 24 participants involved in the process of application of drones in the country of the Dominican Republic. The open-ended semi-structured interviews were composed for questions regarding the application of UAS, barriers and business implications. The data gathered were transcribed and used thematic analysis for its interpretation. Later, conclusions of the barriers of UAS implementation in the organisation were analysed and a cost model was developed to identify a viable scenario. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about the barriers and economic considerations faced in the implementation process of UAS. In this research, 16 barriers in the implementation process at the management level, 8 types of cases of business relationships and 13 business models were identified. Furthermore, recommendations were made about being the accountability of the dimensions and recurrent visits to the projects handled by the portfolio of the organisations. Research limitations/implications Blockchain system is supported by UAS data and its tests require skills and resources that were outside of the scope of the main research intend regarding UAS implementation in construction. Furthermore, as these technologies are still under development, the assessment of the decentralised system, smart contract and swarm technology was addressed conceptually and further research are encouraged in this field. Practical implications The paper includes barriers to consider before implementation, business implications, project examples and cost structure developed. Furthermore, the findings are fit theoretically into the context of a decentralised system. It was understood and contemplated that monitoring in open and outdoor spaces is the suitable approach for UAS implementations for decentralised system. The trend of decentralised autonomous organisations for transparency and efficiency of human tasks provides the foundations of human–robot interactions as well as the role of tokenisation of assets into the cyberspace. Therefore, the paper brings managers and technicians the implications for the future-proofing the implementation of UAS. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implications of cost and the suitable scenarios for return of investment in the UAS implementation in the current stage of the technology development. In addition, the paper makes reference to decentralised systems, smart contracts and swarm technology as options in which reality capture technologies are essential for construction projects.
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