Purpose -This paper seeks to examine the concept of ''consumer ethnocentrism'' (CE) and its impact on product evaluation and preferences among Indonesian consumers. Design/methodology/approach -The survey involved interviewing a representative sample of Indonesian consumers who had previously purchased the products in question, namely colour television and who had travelled by international airlines. A total of 547 usable questionnaires were completed in face-to-face interviews in Indonesia. Conjoint analysis was employed to study the relative importance and part-worth estimates of country-of-origin (COO) effects across high and low CE groups. Findings -Results of a sample survey of Indonesian consumers are discussed. They show, firstly, that the overall level of CE of Indonesian consumers, compared with published results for a range of countries, is notably high. Secondly, results of conjoint analysis showing the relationship between CE and consumer evaluations of ''COO'', product quality perceptions, and purchase intentions, for both tangible goods and intangible services, are discussed.Research limitations/implications -The actual sample was heavily biased to upper socioeconomic groups because of its focus on international airlines as one of the subject products. This will inevitably distort the average Consumer ethnocentric tendency scale score, but was felt to be unavoidable. Originality/value -In the past, research on country-of-origin effects has been carried out mostly in more developed countries considering products made in less developed countries (LDC's). In the present research, attention has been given to understand the effects of consumer CE on perceptions of product quality, price, perceived value, and product choice from the point of view of consumers from LDC's. In addition, the study of COO effects in relation to intangible services is noteworthy.

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Purpose-This eight country study examines what drives performance at the individual worker's level and compares the explanatory power of such drivers between emerging, newly developed and developed markets around the globe. Design/methodology/approach-The study combines established behavioural theory developed in a Western context with three factors anticipated to be most relevant in Asia (competitive attitude, willingness to serve and speed) as drivers of workforce performance. Four thousand working and middle class respondents from eight countries were sampled. The associations were tested using structural equation modelling and workforce performance was measured using univariate analysis. Findings-Three country clusters emerged from the research 1) emerging economies in Asia (Indonesia, India) where the three factors powerfully explain performance; 2) 'Confucian orbit countries' (China, Japan, Korea) where the factors explain 81-93%; and 3) highly developed Western countries (USA, UK, Germany) where the factors account for only 20-29%. Practical implications-As well as providing a framework for modelling workforce performance, particularly in Asian countries, the findings indicate that workforce performance should be incorporated in performance indexes. The findings as to which drivers best explain workforce performance in each county can inform workforce recruitment and management, as well as the location of businesses and outsourcing. Originality/value-For the first time, the study addresses the anomaly between the economic growth and development experienced by Asian countries and their relatively low rankings in global competitiveness indexes by making the link between workforce performance and country performance.

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