This experimental study demonstrated that 15° IR of the tibial shaft increased contact pressure and 15° ER decreased contact pressure over the knee medial compartment.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a member of Enterobacteriaceae cocobacilla, which is gram negative and it causes gastrointestinal disease such as Diarrhea, Hemorrhagic colitis, and Hemolytic uremic. The first aim of this study was to examine E. coli O157:H7 in planktonic and biofilm state under stressed conditions of NaCl, pH, temperature and ORS (Oral Rehydration Salt) powder and then make comparisons. The second aim was to examine the shape of the bacterium in microscopic (bacteria shape) and macroscopic (bacterial colonies in Nutrient Agar culture media). Bacterial strains of E. coli O157:H7 were purchased (No. (NCTC) 12900). The bacteria were placed in liquid Nutrient Broth culture media and then transferred to Nutrient Agar culture media into plates to examine colonial shape. Microtitration plate was used in order to determine the biofilm formation under stressed conditions. Under these conditions, colonial morphology and bacterial shapes were significantly changed and their shapes tended to Cocci and Bacilli in order to survive more. Bacteria survival under stressed conditions was more in biofilm state rather than in Plankton state. This research demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 had a different kind of effects in physicochemical stresses, while the optimal conditions were found in NaCl, pH, Tm and ORS stresses.
The Rose Bengal test, Wright test and 2-mercaptoethanol test (OIE 2004) on the dams' serum showed negative results at the time of abortion and three to four weeks later. Commercial indirect ELISA kits (SVANOVA Biotech) were used for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) in serum, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Kampa and others 2004). Serum samples from the aborted cattle were BVDV antibody-positive at the time of the abortion and showed a decrease in the antibody titre within four weeks after the abortion. All the serum samples were negative for antibody to BHV-1.Colonies morphologically resembling Brucella species were isolated from the abomasal contents of a fetus that was aborted from a vaccinated cow. No bacteria grew from culture of the remaining fetuses. Brucella species were not isolated from milk samples from any of the cows. The isolated colonies were Gram stained, and were subjected to serological and biochemical tests. Biomolecular typing by PCR was also carried out. The colonies were identified as B abortus strain RB51 by standard microbiological procedures (Alton and others 1988, Schurig and others 1991). Similar results were obtained by molecular typing using a specific PCR method (Vemulapalli and others 1999) to distinguish RB51 from both Brucella field isolates and from its parent virulent strain, 2308 (Fig 1). This PCR method has been approved by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for the definitive identification of strain RB51 (OIE 2004). In addition, the Brucellosis Reference Laboratory of the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, confirmed the identity of the isolate as vaccine strain of B abortus RB51.Although RB51 has been reported to cause fetal infection and abortion, when two heifers less than 12 months of age were inadvertently vaccinated during pregnancy with a full dose of the RB51 vaccine strain (Van Metre and others 1999), the occurrence of abortion after vaccination of pregnant cattle with a reduced dose of RB51 has not previously been reported. Most published evidence suggests that RB51 does not cause abortion in cattle and is less abortifacient than S19 if administered during pregnancy (Palmer and others 1997). Samartino and others (2000) reported that the vaccination of pregnant cattle that had been vaccinated with strain S19 as calves with 1·5 x 10 9 cfu RB51 appears to be a safe procedure. Palmer and others (1997) reported that subcutaneous vaccination of pregnant cattle at six months' gestation with a Abortions in pregnant dairy cows after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51
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