Back pain is a common complaint seen in patients after coronary angiography. This study investigated the efficacy of ear acupressure for reduction of back pain in patients after coronary angiography. In this trial, 120 patients recruited from a post-angiography ward were allocated to an ear acupressure or a control group. Pain assessment in intervention group was performed immediately after participants entered post- coronary angiography ward (T0), twenty minutes after entering the ward (T1), and two, four, and six hours after the intervention (T2–T4). Pain in control group was assessed at the times similar to intervention group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 19) by Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, independent t tests, Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Mann-Whitney U test. Final data analysis was done on the data gathered from 58 participants in the control group and 59 in the ear acupressure group. The pain intensity at T1–T4 for patients in the control group was significantly higher than T0 (P < 0.001), while patients in the ear acupressure group reported that pain intensity at T2–T4 was significantly higher than T0 for them (P < 0.001). Only at T1 and T2, pain intensity in the ear acupressure group was significantly less compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Ear acupressure in this study was effective to some extent in reducing back pain after coronary angiography. Future studies can be designed to examine the effects of ear acupressure using different ear acupressure points on the back pain after coronary angiography.
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding contributes to the health and survival of the newborn. Many factors influence this behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the related determinant factors. Methods: In this case-control study 8130 cases that did not have exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months of age were matched with 53266 people from control group. The two groups were compared in terms of risk factors such as sex, birth rank, weight, height and head circumference, type of delivery, maternal age, hypothyroidism in the infant, mother's disease, mother's educational level, job and breastfeeding at night. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the association between independent variables and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Results: Ninety % of mothers had exclusive breastfeeding their infants. In multivariate analysis low birth weight (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.45-3.86), head circumferences < 32.5 cm (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.11-3.06), cesarean section (AOR = 2; 95% CI: 1.45-2.75), older age (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.44-1.75), being employed (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.12-1.46) and no breastfeeding at night (AOR = 199; 95% CI: 1.48-2.69) remained in the final model after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusions: planning interventions aimed at knowledge promotion, encouraging vaginal delivery, paying attention to employed mothers and mothers without breastfeeding at night could be beneficial in improving exclusive breastfeeding among mothers.
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