In Mali, small ruminants (SRs) are an important means for enhanced livelihood through income generation, especially for women and youth. Unfortunately, opportunities for livestock farmers to tap into these resources for economic growth are hindered by high burden of endemic diseases such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR). A key component for the control of PPR is vaccination of SRs. However, low participation of farmers to vaccination was identified by stakeholders of the livestock value chains as a key constraint to successful vaccination programs. This study was implemented in the framework of a project which aimed at improving the domestic ruminant livestock value chains in Mali by upscaling proven interventions in animal health, feeds and feeding and livestock marketing. The objectives of the study were to review the context of livestock vaccination in Mali and evaluate the impact of innovation platforms (IP) as a means for engaging stakeholders in the vaccination process. Desk review, key informant interviews (KII) and net-mapping were used to understand the context of livestock vaccination, while vaccination coverage and sero-monitoring together with group interviews were used to measure the impact of the intervention. IPs were created in 24 communes in three regions: 15 IPs in Sikasso, 4 IPs in Mopti and 5 IPs in Timbuktu. They developed work plans and implemented activities focusing on improving interaction among key vaccine chain delivery stakeholders such as farmers, private veterinarians, vaccine manufacturers, local leaders and public veterinary services; involving them in the planning, implementation and evaluation of vaccination programs and fostering knowledge sharing, communication and capacity building. After 2 years of implementation of IPs, vaccination coverage for SRs increased significantly in target communes. During the first year, seroprevalence rate for PPR increased from 57% (CI95: 54–60%) at baseline to 70% (CI95: 67–73%) post-vaccination in Sikasso region, while in Mopti region, seroprevalence increased from 51% (CI95: 47–55%) at baseline to 57% (CI85: 53–61%) post-vaccination. Stakeholder engagement in the vaccination process through facilitated IPs was successful in fostering participation of farmers to vaccination. However, a sustainable vaccination strategy for Mali would benefit from consolidating the IP model, supported by Government investment to strengthen and adjust the underlying public-private-partnership.
L’Office du Niger a commencé son exploitation au début des années 1930 par la traction bovine. La grande mécanisation, introduite à partir de 1949, s’est soldée par un échec dix ans plus tard. Depuis, la traction animale est redevenue la principale source d’énergie pour le travail du sol et le transport. Jusqu’au début des années 1980, les systèmes de production étaient basés sur des techniques extensives, conduisant à des rendements moyens en paddy qui ne dépassaient que rarement 2 t/ha. A partir de 1982, une nouvelle dynamique dans les activités de l’Office du Niger s’est instaurée. La traction animale s’est fortement développée, grâce à de nouvelles facilités de crédit, du matériel mieux adapté fabriqué sur place et des services vétérinaires adéquats. Les rendements moyens en paddy sont passés à 4-6 t/ha, en fonction du type d’aménagement. La restructuration de l’Office du Niger, intervenue en 1994, a vu la suppression de la division d’élevage, les services vétérinaires étant privatisés. La fabrication et la maintenance du matériel sont désormais assurées par un réseau de forgerons. Les fonctions d’approvisionnement en matériel agricole et en boeufs de labour sont à la charge des paysans. Suite au fort endettement des organisations paysannes, les crédits matériels et boeufs ont été supprimés, ce qui rend l’accès à l’équipement difficile. Des retards dans l’exécution du calendrier agricole sont constatés dus à la mauvaise condition alimentaire et sanitaire des boeufs en début de campagne. Pour y remédier, le projet Urdoc (Unité de recherche développement observatoire de changement) a mis au point et testé un ensemble de mesures permettant d’améliorer l’état des animaux de trait. Leur diffusion se fait dans le cadre de l’approche « conseil à l’exploitation familiale ». La pérennisation de l’impact positif de la traction animale dépendra de l’engagement des différents acteurs au renforcement des services d’appui : conseil, crédit, entretien/fabrication de matériel et soins vétérinaires.
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